ė.co Liquid The world’s water
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Liquid Best · the world’s water, measured

The world’s water,
country by country.

Where fresh water is, who can drink it safely, and what it is withdrawn for — for every one of the 160 countries of a million people or more, drawn on one map from WHO/UNICEF, FAO and World Bank figures, each shown with its source and year. Where a source publishes nothing, the page says so instead of filling the gap.

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74%of people used safely managed drinking waterWHO/UNICEF JMP 2025 report, 2024

2.5%of Earth’s water is freshUSGS Water Science School, after Shiklomanov 1993

72%of freshwater withdrawals went to agricultureFAO, SDG 6.4.2, 2023

160countries, each with a nine-part dossier

Fiction Further down, and labelled wherever it appears: Liquid Best, a bottled-water brand that does not exist, kept as a design codex. Nothing on this page is for sale, and none of the organisations whose figures appear here has anything to do with it. The fiction ↓

The map · 160 countries

Every country’s water, on one map.

Choose what the colours show, point at a country for its figure, and open it for its dossier. Every figure names its source and year; where a source publishes nothing, the country is hatched and the page says so.

World map coloured by at least basic drinking water.

Arrow keys move the map under a crosshair; plus and minus zoom; N and P step through the countries of a million people or more, by name; Enter opens the country under the crosshair; Escape closes. Every figure is also in the country table below.

Legend

The facts behind the map

Where the water is, who drinks it, what it is for.

The map shows countries. These notes show the world they add up to, each figure with the source it was checked against.

Where Earth’s water isAll water: oceans, seas and bays 96.54%; saline groundwater 0.93%; ice caps, glaciers and permanent snow 1.74%; fresh groundwater 0.76%; soil moisture, ground ice and permafrost, lakes, atmosphere, swamp water, rivers and biological water share the rest. Fresh water: ice caps, glaciers and permanent snow 68.7%; fresh groundwater 30.1%; the rest is ground ice and permafrost 0.86%, fresh lakes 0.26%, soil moisture 0.05%, atmosphere 0.04%, swamp water 0.03%, rivers 0.006%, biological water 0.003%.All water (% of the total)saline groundwater 0.93 · ice, glaciers, snow 1.74 · fresh groundwater 0.76 · all the restoceans, seas and bays 96.54Fresh water (% of all fresh water)ice caps, glaciers and permanent snow 68.7fresh groundwater 30.1the rest

The rest, as % of fresh water: ground ice and permafrost 0.86 · fresh lakes 0.26 · soil moisture 0.05 · atmosphere 0.04 · swamp water 0.03 · rivers 0.006 · biological water 0.003.

Where is Earth's water? (Shiklomanov 1993 via USGS)
Water sourcePart ofVolume, km³Volume, cubic miles% of fresh water% of all water
Oceans, Seas, & Bays1,338,000,000321,000,000not given96.54
Ice caps, Glaciers, & Permanent Snow24,064,0005,773,00068.71.74
Groundwater23,400,0005,614,000not given1.69
Groundwater - freshGroundwater10,530,0002,526,00030.10.76
Groundwater - salineGroundwater12,870,0003,088,000not given0.93
Soil Moisture16,5003,9590.050.001
Ground Ice & Permafrost300,00071,9700.860.022
Lakes176,40042,320not given0.013
Lakes - freshLakes91,00021,8300.260.007
Lakes - salineLakes85,40020,490not given0.006
Atmosphere12,9003,0950.040.001
Swamp Water11,4702,7520.030.0008
Rivers2,1205090.0060.0002
Biological Water1,1202690.0030.0001
Volumes are stocks at a moment, not annual flows. Percentages are rounded on the USGS page and do not sum to 100. A null means the page leaves the cell blank. USGS Water Science School, after Shiklomanov 1993. U.S. public domain.

Where Earth’s water is

All of Earth's water — oceans, ice, groundwater, lakes, rivers, air — totals about 1,386 million cubic kilometres. USGS Water Science School, after Shiklomanov 1993

Oceans, seas and bays hold 96.54% of all Earth's water (1,338,000,000 km³). USGS Water Science School, after Shiklomanov 1993

Only about 2.5% of Earth's water is fresh. USGS Water Science School, after Shiklomanov 1993

Ice caps, glaciers and permanent snow hold 68.7% of all freshwater (24,064,000 km³). USGS Water Science School, after Shiklomanov 1993

Fresh groundwater is 30.1% of all freshwater (10,530,000 km³); total groundwater, including saline, is 23,400,000 km³. USGS Water Science School, after Shiklomanov 1993

Freshwater lakes hold 91,000 km³ — 0.26% of all freshwater. USGS Water Science School, after Shiklomanov 1993

All the world's rivers hold about 2,120 km³ at any moment — 0.006% of freshwater and 0.0002% of all water. USGS Water Science School, after Shiklomanov 1993

A river’s volume is a stock at one moment, not a flow: rivers refill all the time, which is why the next note matters more than this one.

The cycle that refills it

Almost 110,000 km³ of precipitation falls on land each year. FAO AQUASTAT, year not stated

Of rain and snow on land, about 56% is evapotranspired by forests and natural landscapes and 5% by rain-fed agriculture. FAO AQUASTAT, year not stated

The remaining 39% — about 43,000 km³ a year — becomes river runoff and aquifer recharge: the world's renewable freshwater resources. FAO AQUASTAT, year not stated

About 90% of the moisture in the atmosphere comes from evaporation from oceans, seas, lakes and rivers; the rest is mostly plant transpiration. USGS Water Science School, 2019 page; no data year given

Only about 10% of the water evaporated from the oceans is carried over land and falls there as precipitation. USGS Water Science School, 2019 page; no data year given

That renewable flow, country by country, is what the map’s “Renewable per person” view divides up.

Who can drink it

Improved sources are those that by design can deliver safe water: piped water, boreholes or tubewells, protected dug wells, protected springs, rainwater, and packaged or delivered water. WHO/UNICEF JMP 2025 report

Drinking water from an improved source that is on the premises, available when needed and free from contamination. WHO

In 2024, 74% of people used safely managed drinking water — 60% in rural areas and 83% in cities. WHO/UNICEF JMP 2025 report, 2024

In 2024, 2.1 billion people — 1 in 4 — still lacked safely managed drinking water. WHO/UNICEF JMP 2025 report, 2024

In 2024, 696 million people lacked even a basic drinking water service (an improved source within a 30-minute round trip). WHO/UNICEF JMP 2025 report, 2024

People drinking straight from rivers, lakes, ponds and canals fell from 247 million in 2000 to 106 million in 2024. WHO/UNICEF JMP 2025 report, 2000–2024

From 2015 to 2024, 793 million people gained piped water — six times as many as gained other improved sources (132 million). WHO/UNICEF JMP 2025 report, 2015–2024

Bottled and packaged water is the main drinking source for a growing share in some countries: in Thailand it rose from 5% to more than 80% between 1990 and 2023. WHO/UNICEF JMP 2025 report, 1990–2023

Bottled water — the subject of the fiction further down — has no world total: JMP counts packaged water country by country, survey by survey, and each dossier shows its own surveys.

What it is used for, and the pressure it is under

AQUASTAT splits withdrawals three ways: agricultural (irrigation, livestock and aquaculture), municipal (including domestic) and industrial. FAO AQUASTAT

In 2023 agriculture took 72% of global freshwater withdrawals, industry 15% and services 13%. FAO, SDG 6.4.2, 2023

Over the last century water withdrawals grew 7.3-fold while world population grew 4.4-fold. FAO AQUASTAT, 1900–2010

Freshwater withdrawn by all major sectors, as a share of total renewable freshwater once environmental flow requirements are set aside. FAO, SDG 6.4.2

Global water stress — withdrawals as a share of renewable freshwater after environmental flows — stood at 17.6% in 2023. FAO, SDG 6.4.2, 2023

The map’s country splits use AQUASTAT’s own three categories (agricultural, industrial, municipal), each at its country’s latest year. They are not the same categories or years as the world split above, so the two are never drawn on one chart. No source we verified defines stress bands such as “high” or “critical”, so the map uses numbers only.

Groundwater, the water you do not see

Groundwater is 99% of all the liquid freshwater on Earth. UNESCO WWDR 2022, 2022 report

One in every four litres of water that people use comes from underground. UNESCO WWDR 2022, 2022 report

Half of the water drawn for household purposes is groundwater, and it is what most rural households beyond the reach of piped supply drink. UNESCO WWDR 2022, 2022 report

Around 25% of all irrigation water is pumped from underground. UNESCO WWDR 2022, 2022 report

Of all the groundwater taken from aquifers worldwide, 69% goes to agriculture. UNESCO WWDR 2022, 2022 report

NASA GRACE satellite data show 8 of the world's 37 largest aquifer systems were overstressed — consumed faster than they refill — in 2003–2013. Richey et al. 2015, 2003–2013

Counting ice, fresh groundwater is under a third of all fresh water; counting only liquid water it is almost all of it — both are true, and the difference is the ice. The map’s aquifer layer draws the 426 transboundary aquifers of IGRAC’s 2025 edition. A country with no mapped aquifer system still has groundwater.

Water that crosses borders

By the count in the UN World Water Development Report 2023, 153 countries share waters across borders: 592 aquifer systems, and 286 basins of rivers and lakes. UNESCO WWDR 2023, 2023 report

Oregon State University's register counts 310 international river basins (2021). UN SDG 6.5.2 metadata, 2021

Just 43 of the 153 countries that share rivers, lakes or aquifers across a border have operational arrangements for cooperation covering more than 90% of their shared basin area. UN SDG Report 2025, 2023 reporting

Registers count differently, so every count names its inventory. On this map, GRDC’s 520 major river basins include 253 shared by two or more countries (GRDC, 2020).

Ice, salt and waste

Between September 2022 and August 2023 glaciers lost more than 600 gigatonnes of water, the largest loss in the 50-year observation record. WMO, Sept 2022–Aug 2023, preliminary

Between 26% and 41% of the ice held in mountain glaciers could be gone by 2100, UNESCO's 2025 report projects, the range spanning warming of 1.5 °C to 4 °C. UNESCO WWDR 2025, projection to 2100

Jones et al. (2019) count 15,906 operating desalination plants making about 95 million m³ of fresh water a day, 48% of it in the Middle East and North Africa. Jones et al. 2019, published 2019; data year not stated

Desalination plants discharge about 142 million m³ of hypersaline brine a day — more than the fresh water they make. Jones et al. 2019, published 2019

In 2024 only 56% of the world's domestic wastewater (332 billion m³ generated) was safely treated. UN SDG Report 2025, 2024

The desalination marks on the map are the 102 plants Wikidata records, in 25 countries of a million people or more — items, not an inventory. National volumes, where FAO has them, are in each dossier.

How this map is made

At least basic drinking water

Share of people using an improved source (piped water, boreholes or tubewells, protected dug wells and springs, rainwater, packaged or delivered water) with collection taking no more than a 30-minute round trip.

Source: WHO/UNICEF JMP 2025, field at_least_basic (national). Years: Years differ by country or territory, 2016–2024; each figure’s year is in its tooltip and in the table. The scale starts at the lowest published value, not at zero. The tooltip adds safely managed where JMP publishes it.

Classes (fixed round numbers, the same for every country and every rebuild), % of population: 35.7–60 · 60–80 · 80–90 · 90–97 · 97–99.5 · 99.5–100. Areas per class: 10 · 30 · 20 · 42 · 49 · 70. Countries of a million people or more with a figure: 156 of 160; without: Argentina, Kosovo, Nicaragua, Taiwan. Of the 237 areas that can carry statistics, 221 have a figure.

WHO/UNICEF Joint Monitoring Programme for Water Supply, Sanitation and Hygiene (JMP): household estimates 2000-2024 (updated Aug 2025) and country files (survey data). Licence: CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO.

Drinking water on premises

Share of people using an improved source located on their premises.

Source: WHO/UNICEF JMP 2025, field accessible_on_premises (national). Years: Years differ by country or territory, 2016–2024; each figure’s year is in its tooltip and in the table.

Classes (fixed round numbers, the same for every country and every rebuild), % of population: under 25 · 25–50 · 50–75 · 75–90 · 90–99 · 99–100. Areas per class: 18 · 22 · 20 · 34 · 72 · 52. Countries of a million people or more with a figure: 156 of 160; without: Argentina, Kosovo, Nicaragua, Taiwan. Of the 237 areas that can carry statistics, 218 have a figure.

WHO/UNICEF Joint Monitoring Programme for Water Supply, Sanitation and Hygiene (JMP): household estimates 2000-2024 (updated Aug 2025) and country files (survey data). Licence: CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO.

Drinking from surface water

Share of people whose main drinking source is a river, lake, pond, stream or canal (JMP's surface-water rung).

Source: WHO/UNICEF JMP 2025, field surface_water (national). Years: Years differ by country or territory, 2016–2024; each figure’s year is in its tooltip and in the table.

Classes (fixed round numbers, the same for every country and every rebuild), % of population: 0 · over 0–1 · 1–3 · 3–6 · 6–10 · 10 or more. Areas per class: 105 · 46 · 20 · 18 · 17 · 4. Countries of a million people or more with a figure: 148 of 160; without: Argentina, Brazil, Burundi, Colombia, Croatia, Kosovo, Malaysia, Nicaragua, North Korea, Russia, Taiwan, Venezuela. Of the 237 areas that can carry statistics, 210 have a figure.

WHO/UNICEF Joint Monitoring Programme for Water Supply, Sanitation and Hygiene (JMP): household estimates 2000-2024 (updated Aug 2025) and country files (survey data). Licence: CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO.

Water stress (SDG 6.4.2)

Total freshwater withdrawn by major sectors divided by (total renewable freshwater minus environmental flow requirements), times 100.

Source: FAO AQUASTAT, field sdg_642_water_stress. Years: Years differ by country or territory, 1999–2023; each figure’s year is in its tooltip and in the table. The top class is over 100%; the tooltip shows the true value. Every value is an FAO estimate.

Classes (fixed round numbers, the same for every country and every rebuild), %: under 5 · 5–10 · 10–25 · 25–50 · 50–100 · over 100. Areas per class: 61 · 27 · 31 · 26 · 18 · 16. Countries of a million people or more with a figure: 157 of 160; without: Hong Kong, Kosovo, Taiwan. Of the 237 areas that can carry statistics, 179 have a figure.

FAO AQUASTAT Core Database, live dissemination API (imputed rows removed). Licence: CC BY 4.0 (FAO Terms of Use); treated as CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 per the FAO catalogue record.

Renewable water per person

Total renewable water resources (a long-term average) per inhabitant. FAO's own calculation: the resources, dated by their assessment year, divided by the population of the year FAO names; each country's tooltip gives both years.

Source: FAO AQUASTAT, field trwr_per_capita, dated by trwr. Years: Years differ by country or territory, 2018–2023; each figure’s year is in its tooltip and in the table. Long-term average resources divided by a later population, as FAO calculates it.

Classes (fixed round numbers, the same for every country and every rebuild), m³ per person per year: under 1,000 · 1,000–2,000 · 2,000–5,000 · 5,000–10,000 · 10,000–50,000 · 50,000 or more. Areas per class: 51 · 26 · 38 · 25 · 41 · 15. FAO publishes 0 km³ of total renewable water, with no component figures, for 13 places: Cook Is., Faeroe Is., Kiribati, Liechtenstein, Marshall Is., Micronesia, Niue, Palau, Samoa, Seychelles, Tonga, Tuvalu, Vatican. They are shown as published, in the lowest class. Countries of a million people or more with a figure: 157 of 160; without: Hong Kong, Kosovo, Taiwan. Of the 237 areas that can carry statistics, 196 have a figure.

FAO AQUASTAT Core Database, live dissemination API (imputed rows removed). Licence: CC BY 4.0 (FAO Terms of Use); treated as CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 per the FAO catalogue record.

Water from upstream

Dependency ratio: the share of total renewable water resources that originates outside the country (long-term average).

Source: FAO AQUASTAT, field dependency_ratio. Years: long-term average (AQUASTAT, 2018) for 190 of the 192 areas with a figure; Colombia 2023, Mexico 2023.

Classes (fixed round numbers, the same for every country and every rebuild), % of renewable water: 0 · over 0–10 · 10–25 · 25–50 · 50–75 · 75–100. Areas per class: 68 · 38 · 20 · 27 · 22 · 17. Countries of a million people or more with a figure: 156 of 160; without: Hong Kong, Kosovo, Serbia, Taiwan. Of the 237 areas that can carry statistics, 192 have a figure.

FAO AQUASTAT Core Database, live dissemination API (imputed rows removed). Licence: CC BY 4.0 (FAO Terms of Use); treated as CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 per the FAO catalogue record.

What withdrawals are for

Agriculture: agricultural withdrawal (irrigation, livestock, aquaculture) as a share of total water withdrawal. Industry: industrial withdrawal as a share of total water withdrawal. Municipal: municipal withdrawal (including domestic) as a share of total water withdrawal.

Source: FAO AQUASTAT, field withdrawal_agricultural_pct, withdrawal_industrial_pct and withdrawal_municipal_pct. Years: Years differ by country or territory, 1982–2023; each figure’s year is in its tooltip and in the table. A country's three shares come from the latest year in which FAO publishes all three from non-imputed volumes and a non-imputed total; where no such year exists, each share is its own latest such year and the three are not compared.

Classes (fixed round numbers, the same for every sector, country and rebuild). Agriculture (% of withdrawals): under 10 · 10–25 · 25–50 · 50–75 · 75 or more; areas per class 31 · 15 · 28 · 40 · 63. Industry (% of withdrawals): under 10 · 10–25 · 25–50 · 50–75 · 75 or more; areas per class 98 · 36 · 23 · 13 · 6. Municipal (% of withdrawals): under 10 · 10–25 · 25–50 · 50–75 · 75 or more; areas per class 36 · 64 · 40 · 26 · 10. Largest share, named only where the three shares describe one year and add up to within 3 points of 100: agriculture 104 · industry 24 · municipal 42; not named for 7, whose shares are incomplete or do not add up: Belgium, Cyprus, Israel, Laos, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Sweden. Countries of a million people or more with a figure: 154 of 160; without: Bosnia and Herz., Hong Kong, Kosovo, S. Sudan, Sudan, Taiwan. Of the 237 areas that can carry statistics, 177 have a figure.

FAO AQUASTAT Core Database, live dissemination API (imputed rows removed). Licence: CC BY 4.0 (FAO Terms of Use); treated as CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 per the FAO catalogue record.

Water withdrawn per person

Total water withdrawal per inhabitant. FAO's own calculation: the withdrawal, dated by its year, divided by the population of the year FAO names; each country's tooltip gives both years. Shown only where a non-imputed total withdrawal exists.

Source: FAO AQUASTAT, field withdrawal_per_capita, dated by withdrawal_total. Years: Years differ by country or territory, 1994–2023; each figure’s year is in its tooltip and in the table. Only where a non-imputed total withdrawal exists; the year is the year of that withdrawal.

Classes (fixed round numbers, the same for every country and every rebuild), m³ per person per year: under 50 · 50–100 · 100–250 · 250–500 · 500–1,000 · 1,000 or more. Areas per class: 24 · 20 · 34 · 44 · 41 · 15. Countries of a million people or more with a figure: 154 of 160; without: Bosnia and Herz., Hong Kong, Kosovo, S. Sudan, Sudan, Taiwan. Of the 237 areas that can carry statistics, 178 have a figure.

FAO AQUASTAT Core Database, live dissemination API (imputed rows removed). Licence: CC BY 4.0 (FAO Terms of Use); treated as CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 per the FAO catalogue record.

Hydropower's share of electricity

Share of electricity production from hydroelectric sources (IEA via WDI, EG.ELC.HYRO.ZS).

Source: World Bank WDI, field EG.ELC.HYRO.ZS. Years: Years differ by country or territory, 2021–2024; each figure’s year is in its tooltip and in the table.

Classes (fixed round numbers, the same for every country and every rebuild), % of electricity production: 0 · over 0–10 · 10–25 · 25–50 · 50–75 · 75–100. Areas per class: 52 · 53 · 27 · 31 · 25 · 20. Countries of a million people or more with a figure: 159 of 160; without: Taiwan. Of the 237 areas that can carry statistics, 208 have a figure.

World Bank, World Development Indicators (updated 13 Jul 2026). Licence: CC BY 4.0.

Rain and snow

Long-term average annual precipitation depth.

Source: FAO AQUASTAT, field precip_depth. Years: long-term average (AQUASTAT, 2018).

Classes (fixed round numbers, the same for every country and every rebuild), mm per year: under 250 · 250–500 · 500–1,000 · 1,000–1,500 · 1,500–2,000 · 2,000 or more. Areas per class: 21 · 19 · 46 · 36 · 27 · 33. Countries of a million people or more with a figure: 156 of 160; without: Hong Kong, Kosovo, Serbia, Taiwan. Of the 237 areas that can carry statistics, 182 have a figure.

FAO AQUASTAT Core Database, live dissemination API (imputed rows removed). Licence: CC BY 4.0 (FAO Terms of Use); treated as CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 per the FAO catalogue record.

Deaths from unsafe water, sanitation and hygiene

Deaths attributed to unsafe water, unsafe sanitation and lack of hygiene per 100,000 population (WHO GHO via WDI, SH.STA.WASH.P5). It covers sanitation and hygiene too, and it is a single year, 2019.

Source: World Bank WDI, field SH.STA.WASH.P5. Years: World Bank WDI (from WHO GHO), 2019 only. Covers sanitation and hygiene as well as water, and is a single year (2019).

Classes (fixed round numbers, the same for every country and every rebuild), per 100,000 people: under 2 · 2–5 · 5–10 · 10–25 · 25–50 · 50 or more. Areas per class: 18 · 62 · 31 · 23 · 34 · 15. Countries of a million people or more with a figure: 155 of 160; without: Hong Kong, Kosovo, Palestine, Puerto Rico, Taiwan. Of the 237 areas that can carry statistics, 183 have a figure.

World Bank, World Development Indicators (updated 13 Jul 2026). Licence: CC BY 4.0.

One source per question

Drinking water comes from the WHO/UNICEF JMP 2025 estimates. Water resources, withdrawals, stress and rainfall come from FAO AQUASTAT, read from its live database with FAO’s imputed values removed. The World Bank supplies only what neither has: hydropower’s share of electricity and deaths from unsafe water, sanitation and hygiene in 2019. Two sources are never shown side by side for the same thing.

Every figure has a year, and the years differ

A figure is shown with the year its source gives it. Long-term averages say so: ‘long-term average (FAO estimate, 2018)’. A per-person figure shows the year of the volume behind it and the year of the population it was divided by, as FAO calculated it. The page never divides one source’s figure by another source’s population.

Blank means blank

Where a source publishes nothing, the country is hatched and the dossier says ‘No figure published by’ that source. A blank is never drawn as zero; a 0 on this page is a published zero. Taiwan, Kosovo and Hong Kong are largely absent from these UN-system datasets, and the map shows that absence rather than filling it from a model. The dossiers name 1,273 gaps across the 160 countries and fill none.

What ė.co computed, and nothing else

JMP’s ‘basic’ rung, as at least basic minus safely managed, where JMP publishes both; and areas and lengths measured on published outlines — how much of a country lies in a river basin or over a transboundary aquifer, how far a drawn river runs through it. Nothing is estimated, interpolated or totalled across sources. Where AQUASTAT’s fresh surface and groundwater withdrawals do not add up to its total withdrawal, the dossier shows each as published and never relates the pair to the total.

The drawing

Country outlines are Natural Earth 1:50m, public domain, simplified with shared borders. The projection is Equal Earth (Šavrič, Patterson and Jenny, 2018): every country keeps its true share of the map’s area, which a map that asks you to compare colours needs. Natural Earth’s borders are a depiction, not a position on any dispute. Five outlines it draws separately (Somaliland, Northern Cyprus, the Siachen Glacier and two Australian external territories) carry no statistics rather than a copy of a neighbour’s. Countries too small to see are drawn as small circles; a hollow circle means no figure.

No ranking

Colours group values into fixed, round-number classes, the same for every country and stable from one rebuild to the next. The table sorts by any column, but nothing on this page prints a rank, and no colour means good or bad.

The layers are three kinds of thing

Measured from published maps: the 50 longest rivers and 50 largest lakes as Natural Earth draws them (their lengths and areas are of the drawing, not surveys), GRDC’s river basins, IGRAC’s transboundary aquifers and Global Dam Watch’s reservoirs. Harvested from Wikidata: 1,120 groundwater features in 100 countries — aquifers, reservoirs, geysers, hot and karst springs, oases and qanats, one mark per item, each linked to it — plus desalination plants, transfer schemes and historic aqueducts; they crowd where encyclopedia editors live, not where the water is, so the layer is a map of attention as much as of water. Curated: 327 bottled-water sources in 85 countries, a shortlist chosen by ė.co with the tier each entry survived printed beside it — there is no dataset of famous water, so somebody decided, and the page says who. Nothing in these layers is a discharge or a volume that its source does not carry; inventing those is what the fiction further down is for.

Every country

Every country, one row each.

All 160 countries of a million people or more, and 66 smaller countries and territories with at least one figure: every figure the map colours, with its year. Select a name for its dossier.

Every figure the map colours, for 226 countries and territories (160 of them with a population of 1 million or more, marked ●). Drinking water: WHO/UNICEF JMP 2025 estimates. Water stress, renewable water, withdrawals, rain and main sources: FAO AQUASTAT. Hydropower and deaths from unsafe water, sanitation and hygiene: World Bank WDI. Every cell shows its own year; resources and rainfall are long-term averages. A blank figure is never filled, and sorting lists blanks last. The full dossiers need JavaScript.
CountryAt least basic drinking water % of people · JMPDrinking water on premises % of people · JMPDrinking from surface water % of people · JMPWater stress % (SDG 6.4.2, FAO estimates)Renewable water per person m³ a year · AQUASTATWater from upstream % of renewable water · AQUASTATAgriculture % of withdrawals · AQUASTATIndustry % of withdrawals · AQUASTATMunicipal % of withdrawals · AQUASTATWithdrawn per person m³ a year · AQUASTATRain and snow mm a year · AQUASTATHydropower % of electricity · World Bank WDI (IEA)Deaths from unsafe WASH per 100,000 · World Bank WDI (WHO)Main sources internal renewable water, long-term average (AQUASTAT)
Afghanistan (population of 1 million or more)80.8 202450.7 20246.4 202454.8 20231,576 2018 resources ÷ 2023 population28.7 long-term average99.0 19870 19871.0 1987491 2023 withdrawal327 long-term average71.7 202116.6 2019surface 37.5, groundwater 10.7 km³/yr (1 counted in both); 28.7% of renewable water arrives from other countries long-term average
Albania (population of 1 million or more)95.1 202481.4 20240 20244.8 202310,741 2018 resources ÷ 2023 population10.9 long-term average70.4 20231.4 202328.3 2023285 2023 withdrawal1,485 long-term average96.7 20233.2 2019surface 23.1, groundwater 6.2 km³/yr (2.4 counted in both); 10.9% of renewable water arrives from other countries; desalinated water 0 km³ (2017) long-term average
Algeria (population of 1 million or more)92.4 202477.1 20241.8 2024144.8 2023253 2018 resources ÷ 2023 population3.6 long-term average67.4 20221.7 202230.9 2022237 2022 withdrawal89 long-term average<0.1 20234.1 2019surface 9.8, groundwater 1.5 km³/yr (0 counted in both); 3.6% of renewable water arrives from other countries; desalinated water 0.63 km³ (2022) long-term average
American Samoa100 202497.2 20240 2024No figure published by AQUASTAT.No figure published by AQUASTAT.No figure published by AQUASTAT.No figure published by AQUASTAT.No figure published by AQUASTAT.No figure published by AQUASTAT.No figure published by AQUASTAT.No figure published by AQUASTAT.0 2021No figure published by the World Bank.No figure published by AQUASTAT.
Andorra100 2024100 20240 202411.9 20233,903 2018 resources ÷ 2023 populationNo figure published by AQUASTAT.No figure published by AQUASTAT.No figure published by AQUASTAT.No figure published by AQUASTAT.No figure published by AQUASTAT.No figure published by AQUASTAT.75.9 2021No figure published by the World Bank.No figure published by AQUASTAT.
Angola (population of 1 million or more)68.0 202426.1 20248.0 20241.9 20234,038 2018 resources ÷ 2023 population0.3 long-term average20.8 200534.0 200545.3 200519.2 2005 withdrawal1,010 long-term average71.5 202348.9 2019surface 145, groundwater 58 km³/yr (55 counted in both); 0.3% of renewable water arrives from other countries; desalinated water 0.0001 km³ (2005) long-term average
Anguilla97.5 201786.5 20170 2017No figure published by AQUASTAT.No figure published by AQUASTAT.No figure published by AQUASTAT.No figure published by AQUASTAT.No figure published by AQUASTAT.No figure published by AQUASTAT.No figure published by AQUASTAT.No figure published by AQUASTAT.No figure published by the World Bank.No figure published by the World Bank.No figure published by AQUASTAT.
Antigua and Barb.98.9 202481.3 20240.2 20243.2 2021557 2023 resources ÷ 2023 population0 long-term average15.7 201221.7 201262.6 2012123 2012 withdrawal1,030 long-term average0 20212.5 20190% of renewable water arrives from other countries; desalinated water 0.0071 km³ (2021) long-term average
Argentina (population of 1 million or more)JMP 2025's latest estimate for Argentina (2024) is urban only: at least basic 99.8% of the urban population. Its last national estimate is for 2016.JMP 2025's latest estimate for Argentina (2024) is urban only: at least basic 99.8% of the urban population. Its last national estimate is for 2016.JMP 2025's latest estimate for Argentina (2024) is urban only: at least basic 99.8% of the urban population. Its last national estimate is for 2016.10.5 202319,242 2018 resources ÷ 2023 population66.7 long-term average73.9 201110.6 201115.5 2011830 2011 withdrawal591 long-term average24.5 202411.4 2019surface 276, groundwater 128 km³/yr (112 counted in both); 66.7% of renewable water arrives from other countries; desalinated water 0.0007 km³ (2000) long-term average
Armenia (population of 1 million or more)99.9 202499.3 2024<0.1 202462.0 20232,639 2018 resources ÷ 2023 population11.7 long-term average77.5 20224.9 202217.6 20221,044 2022 withdrawal562 long-term average18.7 20235.8 2019surface 3.9, groundwater 4.3 km³/yr (1.4 counted in both); 11.7% of renewable water arrives from other countries; desalinated water 0 km³ (2016) long-term average
Aruba96.7 201695.1 20160 2016No figure published by AQUASTAT.No figure published by AQUASTAT.No figure published by AQUASTAT.No figure published by AQUASTAT.No figure published by AQUASTAT.No figure published by AQUASTAT.No figure published by AQUASTAT.No figure published by AQUASTAT.0 2021No figure published by the World Bank.No figure published by AQUASTAT.
Australia (population of 1 million or more)>99.9 202499.9 20240 20244.2 202318,600 2018 resources ÷ 2023 population0 long-term average69.2 202318.6 202312.2 2023634 2023 withdrawal534 long-term average5.4 20241.9 2019surface 440, groundwater 72 km³/yr (20 counted in both); 0% of renewable water arrives from other countries; desalinated water 0.18 km³ (2023) long-term average
Austria (population of 1 million or more)100 2024100 20240 20248.7 20238,510 2018 resources ÷ 2023 population29.2 long-term average4.0 201970.4 201925.7 2019344 2019 withdrawal1,110 long-term average59.9 20242.0 2019surface 55, groundwater 6 km³/yr (6 counted in both); 29.2% of renewable water arrives from other countries; desalinated water 0 km³ (2021) long-term average
Azerbaijan (population of 1 million or more)97.7 202487.1 20240 202457.5 20233,361 2018 resources ÷ 2023 population76.6 long-term average92.2 20214.6 20213.2 20211,257 2021 withdrawal447 long-term average6.0 20233.6 2019surface 6, groundwater 6.5 km³/yr (4.3 counted in both); 76.6% of renewable water arrives from other countries long-term average
Bahamas99.0 201998.1 20190 2019No figure published by AQUASTAT.1,752 2023 resources ÷ 2023 population0 long-term averageNo figure published by AQUASTAT.No figure published by AQUASTAT.No figure published by AQUASTAT.No figure published by AQUASTAT.1,292 long-term average0 20212.6 20190% of renewable water arrives from other countries; desalinated water 0.0074 km³ (2000) long-term average
Bahrain (population of 1 million or more)99.9 202498.9 20240 2024152.5 202373.9 2018 resources ÷ 2023 population96.6 long-term average33.3 20163.3 201663.4 2016277 2016 withdrawal83 long-term average0 20230.8 2019surface 0.004, groundwater 0 km³/yr (0 counted in both); 96.6% of renewable water arrives from other countries; desalinated water 0.26 km³ (2021) long-term average
Bangladesh (population of 1 million or more)98.8 202486.1 20240.5 20245.7 20237,156 2018 resources ÷ 2023 population91.4 long-term average87.8 20082.2 200810.0 2008209 2008 withdrawal2,666 long-term average0.6 202318.2 2019surface 83.9, groundwater 21.1 km³/yr (0 counted in both); 91.4% of renewable water arrives from other countries long-term average
Barbados99.2 202499.1 20240 202487.5 2005283 2018 resources ÷ 2023 population0 long-term average67.7 20057.7 200524.7 2005287 2005 withdrawal1,422 long-term average0 20217.7 2019surface 0.008, groundwater 0.074 km³/yr (0.002 counted in both); 0% of renewable water arrives from other countries; desalinated water 0.011 km³ (2005) long-term average
Belarus (population of 1 million or more)99.9 202499.9 20240 20244.7 20236,352 2018 resources ÷ 2023 population41.3 long-term average25.0 202331.2 202343.8 2023157 2023 withdrawal642 long-term average0.7 20231.6 2019surface 34, groundwater 15.9 km³/yr (15.9 counted in both); 41.3% of renewable water arrives from other countries long-term average
Belgium (population of 1 million or more)100 2024100 20240 202452.8 20231,562 2018 resources ÷ 2023 population34.4 long-term average1.0 202197.3 202120.1 2021420 2023 withdrawal847 long-term average2.1 20245.3 2019surface 12, groundwater 0.9 km³/yr (0.9 counted in both); 34.4% of renewable water arrives from other countries; desalinated water 0 km³ (2021) long-term average
Belize94.9 202493.5 20240 20240.1 202352,867 2018 resources ÷ 2023 population29.8 long-term average67.7 200021.0 200011.3 2000246 2000 withdrawal1,705 long-term average33.4 20214.3 2019surface 15.3, groundwater 7.5 km³/yr (7.5 counted in both); 29.8% of renewable water arrives from other countries; desalinated water 0.00068 km³ (2012) long-term average
Benin (population of 1 million or more)69.6 202426.4 20242.6 20241.0 20231,870 2018 resources ÷ 2023 population61.0 long-term average45.4 200123.1 200131.5 200116.6 2023 withdrawal1,039 long-term average<0.1 202160.2 2019surface 10, groundwater 1.8 km³/yr (1.5 counted in both); 61.0% of renewable water arrives from other countries long-term average
Bermuda100 2024No figure published by JMP.0 2024No figure published by AQUASTAT.No figure published by AQUASTAT.No figure published by AQUASTAT.No figure published by AQUASTAT.No figure published by AQUASTAT.No figure published by AQUASTAT.No figure published by AQUASTAT.No figure published by AQUASTAT.No figure published by the World Bank.No figure published by the World Bank.No figure published by AQUASTAT.
Bhutan99.6 202487.3 20240 20241.4 202399,188 2018 resources ÷ 2023 population0 long-term average94.1 20080.9 20085.0 2008430 2008 withdrawal2,200 long-term average>99.9 202115.7 2019surface 78, groundwater 8.1 km³/yr (8.1 counted in both); 0% of renewable water arrives from other countries long-term average
Bolivia (population of 1 million or more)93.4 202486.3 20244.7 20240.2 202346,879 2018 resources ÷ 2023 population47.1 long-term average85.0 19875.0 198710.0 1987180 2023 withdrawal1,146 long-term average19.4 202314.3 2019surface 277, groundwater 130 km³/yr (104 counted in both); 47.1% of renewable water arrives from other countries long-term average
Bosnia and Herz. (population of 1 million or more)96.1 202490.7 20240 20242.1 202311,774 2018 resources ÷ 2023 population5.3 long-term averageNo figure published by AQUASTAT.No figure published by AQUASTAT.No figure published by AQUASTAT.No figure published by AQUASTAT.1,028 long-term average39.3 20231.9 2019surface 34.3, groundwater 11.6 km³/yr (10.4 counted in both); 5.3% of renewable water arrives from other countries long-term average
Botswana (population of 1 million or more)91.8 202482.4 20240.4 20242.3 20234,935 2018 resources ÷ 2023 population80.4 long-term average28.2 202314.1 202357.7 202388.7 2023 withdrawal416 long-term average0 202126.8 2019surface 0.8, groundwater 1.7 km³/yr (0.1 counted in both); 80.4% of renewable water arrives from other countries long-term average
Brazil (population of 1 million or more)100 2024100 2024JMP 2025 makes no 2024 estimate of drinking from surface water for Brazil; its latest national estimate is 1.3% (2016).1.4 202340,954 2018 resources ÷ 2023 population34.5 long-term average58.4 202317.4 202324.1 2023307 2023 withdrawal1,761 long-term average56.1 20246.6 2019surface 5,661, groundwater 646 km³/yr (646 counted in both); 34.5% of renewable water arrives from other countries; desalinated water 0.04 km³ (2010) long-term average
British Virgin Is.99.9 202498.0 20240 2024No figure published by AQUASTAT.No figure published by AQUASTAT.No figure published by AQUASTAT.No figure published by AQUASTAT.No figure published by AQUASTAT.No figure published by AQUASTAT.No figure published by AQUASTAT.No figure published by AQUASTAT.0 2021No figure published by the World Bank.No figure published by AQUASTAT.
Brunei100 202499.9 20240 20243.5 202318,521 2018 resources ÷ 2023 population0 long-term averageAQUASTAT publishes this share for Brunei, but it rests on an imputed (carried-forward) withdrawal volume, so it is not shown.No figure published by AQUASTAT.AQUASTAT publishes this share for Brunei, but it rests on an imputed (carried-forward) withdrawal volume, so it is not shown.200 1994 withdrawal2,722 long-term average0 20211.7 2019surface 8.5, groundwater 0.1 km³/yr (0.1 counted in both); 0% of renewable water arrives from other countries long-term average
Bulgaria (population of 1 million or more)99.2 202499.2 20240 202438.8 20233,134 2018 resources ÷ 2023 population1.4 long-term average14.3 202369.9 202315.8 2023773 2023 withdrawal608 long-term average7.8 20232.9 2019surface 20.1, groundwater 6.4 km³/yr (5.5 counted in both); 1.4% of renewable water arrives from other countries; desalinated water 0 km³ (2022) long-term average
Burkina Faso (population of 1 million or more)50.0 202423.1 20240.1 20241.3 2023586 2018 resources ÷ 2023 population7.4 long-term average51.4 20052.7 200545.9 200535.5 2005 withdrawal748 long-term average5.0 202360.9 2019surface 8, groundwater 9.5 km³/yr (5 counted in both); 7.4% of renewable water arrives from other countries long-term average
Burundi (population of 1 million or more)65.9 202411.7 2024JMP 2025 makes no 2024 estimate of drinking from surface water for Burundi; its latest national estimate is 3.6% (2023).10.1 2023916 2018 resources ÷ 2023 population19.8 long-term average77.1 20005.9 200017.0 200020.3 2023 withdrawal1,274 long-term average59.6 202153.3 2019surface 10.1, groundwater 7.5 km³/yr (7.5 counted in both); 19.8% of renewable water arrives from other countries long-term average
Cabo Verde92.3 202492.3 20240 202459.7 2023574 2018 resources ÷ 2023 population0 long-term average39.0 20222.1 202258.9 2022507 2022 withdrawal228 long-term average0 202112.1 2019surface 0.18, groundwater 0.12 km³/yr (0.005 counted in both); 0% of renewable water arrives from other countries; desalinated water 0.094 km³ (2022) long-term average
Cambodia (population of 1 million or more)82.9 202453.7 20245.8 20241.0 202327,325 2018 resources ÷ 2023 population74.7 long-term average94.0 20061.5 20064.5 2006125 2006 withdrawal1,904 long-term average34.5 202317.1 2019surface 116, groundwater 17.6 km³/yr (13 counted in both); 74.7% of renewable water arrives from other countries long-term average
Cameroon (population of 1 million or more)71.4 202429.6 20244.4 20241.6 20239,980 2018 resources ÷ 2023 population3.6 long-term average76.3 20007.1 200016.7 200038.4 2023 withdrawal1,604 long-term average74.7 202347.3 2019surface 268, groundwater 100 km³/yr (95 counted in both); 3.6% of renewable water arrives from other countries long-term average
Canada (population of 1 million or more)98.3 202496.9 20240 20243.7 202373,844 2018 resources ÷ 2023 population1.8 long-term average10.6 201775.9 201713.5 2017918 2023 withdrawal537 long-term average55.4 20242.3 2019surface 2,840, groundwater 370 km³/yr (360 counted in both); 1.8% of renewable water arrives from other countries; desalinated water 0.0027 km³ (2009) long-term average
Cayman Is.95.5 202493.5 2024<0.1 2024No figure published by AQUASTAT.No figure published by AQUASTAT.No figure published by AQUASTAT.No figure published by AQUASTAT.No figure published by AQUASTAT.No figure published by AQUASTAT.No figure published by AQUASTAT.No figure published by AQUASTAT.0 2021No figure published by the World Bank.No figure published by AQUASTAT.
Central African Rep. (population of 1 million or more)36.5 20246.2 20243.3 20240.3 202327,366 2018 resources ÷ 2023 population0 long-term average0.6 200516.6 200582.9 200514.1 2005 withdrawal1,343 long-term average96.2 202197.0 2019surface 141, groundwater 56 km³/yr (56 counted in both); 0% of renewable water arrives from other countries long-term average
Chad (population of 1 million or more)52.2 202410.1 20247.1 20244.3 20232,366 2018 resources ÷ 2023 population67.2 long-term average76.4 200511.8 200511.8 200545.5 2005 withdrawal322 long-term average0 202199.2 2019surface 13.5, groundwater 11.5 km³/yr (10 counted in both); 67.2% of renewable water arrives from other countries long-term average
Chile (population of 1 million or more)99.1 202499.1 20240.7 20249.0 202346,954 2018 resources ÷ 2023 population4.1 long-term average83.0 200613.4 20063.6 20061,647 2023 withdrawal1,522 long-term average29.6 20242.3 2019surface 885, groundwater 140 km³/yr (140 counted in both); 4.1% of renewable water arrives from other countries; desalinated water 0.065 km³ (2016) long-term average
China (population of 1 million or more)96.1 202495.8 20240.1 202441.6 20231,997 2018 resources ÷ 2023 population1.0 long-term average62.1 202017.7 202020.1 2020426 2023 withdrawal645 long-term average13.5 20232.2 2019surface 2,712, groundwater 829 km³/yr (728 counted in both); 1.0% of renewable water arrives from other countries; desalinated water 12.8 km³ (2020) long-term average
Colombia (population of 1 million or more)97.1 202496.7 2024JMP 2025 makes no 2024 estimate of drinking from surface water for Colombia; its latest national estimate is 3.9% (2014).3.7 202345,106 2023 resources ÷ 2023 population9.1 long-term average84.1 20231.6 202314.3 2023475 2023 withdrawal3,240 long-term average58.3 20243.4 2019surface 2,145, groundwater 510 km³/yr (510 counted in both); 9.1% of renewable water arrives from other countries; desalinated water 0.0012 km³ (2020) long-term average
Comoros85.1 202460.7 20240.5 20240.8 19991,411 2018 resources ÷ 2023 population0 long-term average47.0 19995.0 199948.0 199911.8 1999 withdrawal900 long-term average0 202143.8 2019surface 0.2, groundwater 1 km³/yr (0 counted in both); 0% of renewable water arrives from other countries long-term average
Congo (population of 1 million or more)73.5 202153.1 20216.1 2021<0.1 2023134,565 2018 resources ÷ 2023 population73.3 long-term average8.7 200221.7 200269.6 200214.8 2023 withdrawal1,646 long-term average35.0 202326.4 2019surface 222, groundwater 122 km³/yr (122 counted in both); 73.3% of renewable water arrives from other countries long-term average
Cook Is.99.6 2024No figure published by JMP.0 2024No figure published by AQUASTAT.0 2018 resources ÷ 2018 population; FAO publishes 0 km³ of renewable water here, with no component figures0 long-term averageNo figure published by AQUASTAT.No figure published by AQUASTAT.No figure published by AQUASTAT.No figure published by AQUASTAT.No figure published by AQUASTAT.No figure published by the World Bank.No figure published by the World Bank.0% of renewable water arrives from other countries long-term average
Costa Rica (population of 1 million or more)99.8 202499.3 20240 20245.9 202322,133 2018 resources ÷ 2023 population0 long-term average60.7 20217.1 202132.2 2021675 2021 withdrawal2,926 long-term average66.6 20242.9 2019surface 113, groundwater 37.3 km³/yr (37.3 counted in both); 0% of renewable water arrives from other countries; desalinated water 0.0031 km³ (2013) long-term average
Croatia (population of 1 million or more)99.9 202490.8 2024JMP 2025 makes no 2024 estimate of drinking from surface water for Croatia; its latest national estimate is 0.4% (2007).1.6 202327,079 2018 resources ÷ 2023 population64.3 long-term average7.4 202347.0 202345.6 2023265 2023 withdrawal1,113 long-term average47.0 20232.7 2019surface 27.2, groundwater 11 km³/yr (0.5 counted in both); 64.3% of renewable water arrives from other countries; desalinated water 0 km³ (2022) long-term average
Cuba (population of 1 million or more)95.2 202493.3 20240.3 202422.2 20233,459 2018 resources ÷ 2023 population0 long-term average64.9 201310.6 201324.4 2013631 2013 withdrawal1,335 long-term average0.5 20239.7 2019surface 31.6, groundwater 6.5 km³/yr (0 counted in both); 0% of renewable water arrives from other countries; desalinated water 0.021 km³ (2021) long-term average
Curaçao100 202499.4 20240 2024No figure published by AQUASTAT.No figure published by AQUASTAT.No figure published by AQUASTAT.No figure published by AQUASTAT.No figure published by AQUASTAT.No figure published by AQUASTAT.No figure published by AQUASTAT.No figure published by AQUASTAT.0 2021No figure published by the World Bank.No figure published by AQUASTAT.
Cyprus (population of 1 million or more)99.7 202499.7 2024<0.1 202430.8 2023580 2018 resources ÷ 2023 population0 long-term average62.6 20175.7 201737.0 2017221 2023 withdrawal498 long-term average0 20211.6 2019surface 0.56, groundwater 0.41 km³/yr (0.19 counted in both); 0% of renewable water arrives from other countries; desalinated water 0.06 km³ (2023) long-term average
Czechia (population of 1 million or more)98.7 202498.1 20240.1 202420.1 20231,216 2018 resources ÷ 2023 population0 long-term average3.3 202351.6 202345.1 2023122 2023 withdrawal677 long-term average4.9 20244.1 2019surface 13.2, groundwater 1.4 km³/yr (1.4 counted in both); 0% of renewable water arrives from other countries; desalinated water 0.0002 km³ (2013) long-term average
Côte d'Ivoire (population of 1 million or more)77.3 202453.6 20243.0 20245.1 20232,700 2018 resources ÷ 2023 population8.7 long-term average51.6 201420.8 201427.5 201437.3 2014 withdrawal1,348 long-term average23.5 202347.0 2019surface 74, groundwater 37.8 km³/yr (35 counted in both); 8.7% of renewable water arrives from other countries long-term average
Dem. Rep. Congo (population of 1 million or more)35.7 202411.9 20247.7 20240.2 202312,128 2018 resources ÷ 2023 population29.9 long-term average10.5 200521.5 200568.0 20056.5 2005 withdrawal1,543 long-term average99.5 202352.3 2019surface 899, groundwater 421 km³/yr (420 counted in both); 29.9% of renewable water arrives from other countries long-term average
Denmark (population of 1 million or more)100 202499.9 20240 202426.6 20231,009 2018 resources ÷ 2023 population0 long-term average56.0 20234.2 202339.8 2023166 2023 withdrawal703 long-term average0.1 20244.1 2019surface 3.7, groundwater 4.3 km³/yr (2 counted in both); 0% of renewable water arrives from other countries; desalinated water 0 km³ (2022) long-term average
Djibouti79.7 202447.2 20240.3 20246.3 2000260 2018 resources ÷ 2023 population0 long-term average15.8 20000 200084.2 200016.5 2000 withdrawal220 long-term average0 202137.6 2019surface 0.3, groundwater 0.015 km³/yr (0.015 counted in both); 0% of renewable water arrives from other countries; desalinated water 0.0001 km³ (2000) long-term average
Dominica97.0 2024No figure published by JMP.2.2 202410.0 20103,007 2023 resources ÷ 2023 population0 long-term average5.0 20100 201095.0 2010301 2010 withdrawal2,083 long-term average19.5 2021No figure published by the World Bank.0% of renewable water arrives from other countries long-term average
Dominican Rep. (population of 1 million or more)97.5 202496.4 20240.7 202439.6 20232,074 2018 resources ÷ 2023 population0 long-term average79.9 20108.2 201012.0 2010801 2023 withdrawal1,410 long-term average5.9 20235.8 2019surface 23.5, groundwater 4.2 km³/yr (4.2 counted in both); 0% of renewable water arrives from other countries long-term average
Ecuador (population of 1 million or more)92.1 202491.5 20241.9 20241.1 202324,605 2018 resources ÷ 2023 population0 long-term average81.4 20055.5 200513.0 2005552 2005 withdrawal2,274 long-term average71.7 20234.7 2019surface 432, groundwater 134 km³/yr (124 counted in both); 0% of renewable water arrives from other countries; desalinated water 0.0022 km³ (2005) long-term average
Egypt (population of 1 million or more)97.3 202495.5 2024<0.1 2024112.9 2023502 2018 resources ÷ 2023 population98.3 long-term average79.2 20177.0 201713.9 2017677 2017 withdrawal18 long-term average7.2 20234.8 2019surface 0.5, groundwater 0.5 km³/yr (0 counted in both); 98.3% of renewable water arrives from other countries; desalinated water 0.1 km³ (2015) long-term average
El Salvador (population of 1 million or more)91.6 202491.6 20240.9 202412.7 20234,163 2018 resources ÷ 2023 population40.5 long-term average69.2 20234.8 202326.0 2023323 2023 withdrawal1,784 long-term average18.8 20236.1 2019surface 12.1, groundwater 6.2 km³/yr (2.6 counted in both); 40.5% of renewable water arrives from other countries; desalinated water 2.2e-06 km³ (2023) long-term average
Eq. Guinea (population of 1 million or more)64.7 201716.7 20176.3 20170.2 202314,073 2018 resources ÷ 2023 population0 long-term average5.8 200014.9 200079.3 200010.7 2023 withdrawal2,156 long-term average31.8 202329.7 2019surface 25, groundwater 10 km³/yr (9 counted in both); 0% of renewable water arrives from other countries long-term average
Eritrea (population of 1 million or more)51.9 201634.0 201617.1 201611.2 20232,108 2018 resources ÷ 2023 population61.7 long-term average94.5 20040.2 20045.3 2004168 2004 withdrawal384 long-term average0 202166.5 2019surface 2.7, groundwater 0.5 km³/yr (0.4 counted in both); 61.7% of renewable water arrives from other countries long-term average
Estonia (population of 1 million or more)100 202499.0 20240 20248.6 20239,367 2018 resources ÷ 2023 population0.8 long-term average0.6 202391.2 20238.1 2023580 2023 withdrawal626 long-term average0.5 20242.6 2019surface 11.7, groundwater 4 km³/yr (3 counted in both); 0.8% of renewable water arrives from other countries long-term average
Ethiopia (population of 1 million or more)55.6 202421.2 20243.8 202432.3 2023948 2018 resources ÷ 2023 population0 long-term average89.1 20050.7 200510.3 200582.0 2023 withdrawal848 long-term average96.5 202340.7 2019surface 120, groundwater 20 km³/yr (18 counted in both); 0% of renewable water arrives from other countries long-term average
Faeroe Is.100 2024100 20240 2024No figure published by AQUASTAT.0 2018 resources ÷ 2018 population; FAO publishes 0 km³ of renewable water here, with no component figures0 long-term averageNo figure published by AQUASTAT.No figure published by AQUASTAT.No figure published by AQUASTAT.No figure published by AQUASTAT.No figure published by AQUASTAT.23.7 2021No figure published by the World Bank.0% of renewable water arrives from other countries long-term average
Fiji95.6 202494.2 20241.8 20240.6 202330,893 2018 resources ÷ 2023 population0 long-term average58.9 200511.3 200529.8 200591.9 2005 withdrawal2,592 long-term average50.1 202110.8 2019surface 28.6, groundwater 5.3 km³/yr (5.3 counted in both); 0% of renewable water arrives from other countries; desalinated water 0.00014 km³ (2023) long-term average
Finland (population of 1 million or more)100 202499.7 20240 20247.1 202319,639 2018 resources ÷ 2023 population2.7 long-term average28.6 201957.1 201914.3 2019500 2023 withdrawal536 long-term average17.2 20240.8 2019surface 107, groundwater 2.2 km³/yr (2 counted in both); 2.7% of renewable water arrives from other countries; desalinated water 0 km³ (2018) long-term average
Fr. Polynesia100 202498.4 20240 2024No figure published by AQUASTAT.No figure published by AQUASTAT.No figure published by AQUASTAT.No figure published by AQUASTAT.No figure published by AQUASTAT.No figure published by AQUASTAT.No figure published by AQUASTAT.No figure published by AQUASTAT.23.1 2021No figure published by the World Bank.No figure published by AQUASTAT.
France (population of 1 million or more)100 2024100 20240 202420.6 20233,176 2018 resources ÷ 2023 population5.2 long-term average12.5 202365.1 202322.5 2023354 2023 withdrawal867 long-term average13.6 20243.4 2019surface 198, groundwater 120 km³/yr (118 counted in both); 5.2% of renewable water arrives from other countries; desalinated water 0.012 km³ (2009) long-term average
Gabon (population of 1 million or more)88.6 202471.9 20241.9 20240.5 202366,806 2018 resources ÷ 2023 population1.2 long-term average29.0 200510.1 200560.9 200556.0 2005 withdrawal1,831 long-term average46.2 202317.5 2019surface 162, groundwater 62 km³/yr (60 counted in both); 1.2% of renewable water arrives from other countries long-term average
Gambia (population of 1 million or more)87.1 202448.9 2024<0.1 20242.2 20232,965 2018 resources ÷ 2023 population62.5 long-term average91.0 19822.0 19827.0 198237.7 2023 withdrawal836 long-term average0 202129.5 2019surface 3, groundwater 0.5 km³/yr (0.5 counted in both); 62.5% of renewable water arrives from other countries long-term average
Georgia (population of 1 million or more)97.3 202493.8 2024<0.1 20244.2 202316,633 2018 resources ÷ 2023 population8.2 long-term average33.6 202227.4 202239.0 2022340 2022 withdrawal1,026 long-term average75.5 20233.3 2019surface 56.9, groundwater 17.2 km³/yr (16 counted in both); 8.2% of renewable water arrives from other countries long-term average
Germany (population of 1 million or more)100 2024100 20240 202431.5 20231,821 2018 resources ÷ 2023 population30.5 long-term average4.6 202253.8 202241.6 2022271 2022 withdrawal700 long-term average5.7 20243.2 2019surface 106, groundwater 45.7 km³/yr (45 counted in both); 30.5% of renewable water arrives from other countries long-term average
Ghana (population of 1 million or more)89.9 202442.9 20244.2 20240.5 20231,663 2018 resources ÷ 2023 population46.1 long-term average66.4 20009.7 200023.9 200043.3 2023 withdrawal1,187 long-term average37.9 202325.2 2019surface 29, groundwater 26.3 km³/yr (25 counted in both); 46.1% of renewable water arrives from other countries; desalinated water 0.016 km³ (2016) long-term average
Greece (population of 1 million or more)100 2024100 20240 202417.7 20236,678 2018 resources ÷ 2023 population15.2 long-term average81.4 20233.2 202315.4 2023856 2023 withdrawal652 long-term average7.4 20247.6 2019surface 55.5, groundwater 10.3 km³/yr (7.8 counted in both); 15.2% of renewable water arrives from other countries; desalinated water 0.01 km³ (2007) long-term average
Greenland100 202490.0 20240 2024No figure published by AQUASTAT.No figure published by AQUASTAT.No figure published by AQUASTAT.No figure published by AQUASTAT.No figure published by AQUASTAT.No figure published by AQUASTAT.No figure published by AQUASTAT.No figure published by AQUASTAT.74.5 2021No figure published by the World Bank.No figure published by AQUASTAT.
Grenada95.6 201789.9 20173.2 20177.1 20141,708 2023 resources ÷ 2023 population0 long-term average14.9 20140 201485.1 2014120 2014 withdrawal2,350 long-term average0 20216.7 20190% of renewable water arrives from other countries long-term average
Guam99.5 202498.3 20240 2024No figure published by AQUASTAT.No figure published by AQUASTAT.No figure published by AQUASTAT.No figure published by AQUASTAT.No figure published by AQUASTAT.No figure published by AQUASTAT.No figure published by AQUASTAT.No figure published by AQUASTAT.0 2021No figure published by the World Bank.No figure published by AQUASTAT.
Guatemala (population of 1 million or more)93.2 202482.1 20241.4 20245.7 20237,057 2018 resources ÷ 2023 population14.6 long-term average56.7 200618.1 200625.1 2006183 2006 withdrawal1,996 long-term average30.6 202315.3 2019surface 101, groundwater 33.7 km³/yr (25.2 counted in both); 14.6% of renewable water arrives from other countries long-term average
Guinea (population of 1 million or more)74.2 202439.9 20246.0 20241.4 202315,688 2018 resources ÷ 2023 population0 long-term average67.4 20206.7 202025.8 202061.8 2020 withdrawal1,651 long-term average87.4 202157.8 2019surface 226, groundwater 38 km³/yr (38 counted in both); 0% of renewable water arrives from other countries long-term average
Guinea-Bissau (population of 1 million or more)61.8 202424.0 20240.9 20241.5 202314,582 2018 resources ÷ 2023 population49.0 long-term average82.3 20004.6 200013.1 200088.2 2023 withdrawal1,577 long-term average0 202149.4 2019surface 12, groundwater 14 km³/yr (10 counted in both); 49.0% of renewable water arrives from other countries long-term average
Guyana95.6 202488.4 20240.8 20240.3 2023327,947 2018 resources ÷ 2023 population11.1 long-term average94.3 20101.4 20104.2 20101,748 2010 withdrawal2,387 long-term average<0.1 20218.6 2019surface 241, groundwater 103 km³/yr (103 counted in both); 11.1% of renewable water arrives from other countries long-term average
Haiti (population of 1 million or more)73.3 20248.7 20241.3 202413.4 20231,205 2018 resources ÷ 2023 population7.2 long-term average83.4 20093.5 200913.1 2009125 2009 withdrawal1,440 long-term average17.9 202225.9 2019surface 10.8, groundwater 2.2 km³/yr (0 counted in both); 7.2% of renewable water arrives from other countries long-term average
Honduras (population of 1 million or more)95.7 202490.1 20240.1 20244.6 20238,658 2018 resources ÷ 2023 population1.6 long-term average73.3 20037.1 200319.6 2003151 2003 withdrawal1,976 long-term average27.0 20237.1 2019surface 81.6, groundwater 39 km³/yr (29.9 counted in both); 1.6% of renewable water arrives from other countries; desalinated water 0.0002 km³ (2000) long-term average
Hong Kong (population of 1 million or more)100 2024100 20240 2024Not published by AQUASTAT for Hong Kong.Not published by AQUASTAT for Hong Kong.Not published by AQUASTAT for Hong Kong.Not published by AQUASTAT for Hong Kong.Not published by AQUASTAT for Hong Kong.Not published by AQUASTAT for Hong Kong.Not published by AQUASTAT for Hong Kong.Not published by AQUASTAT for Hong Kong.<0.1 2023No figure published by the World Bank.Not published by AQUASTAT for Hong Kong.
Hungary (population of 1 million or more)100 2024100 20240 20247.6 202310,737 2018 resources ÷ 2023 population94.2 long-term average11.8 202372.7 202315.5 2023476 2023 withdrawal589 long-term average0.6 20242.0 2019surface 6, groundwater 6 km³/yr (6 counted in both); 94.2% of renewable water arrives from other countries; desalinated water 0.0002 km³ (2012) long-term average
Iceland100 2024100 20240 20240.4 2023438,645 2018 resources ÷ 2023 population0 long-term average0.1 201571.2 201528.8 2015718 2023 withdrawal1,940 long-term average68.2 20242.4 2019surface 166, groundwater 24 km³/yr (20 counted in both); 0% of renewable water arrives from other countries long-term average
India (population of 1 million or more)95.7 202476.4 20240.4 202465.9 20231,329 2018 resources ÷ 2023 population30.5 long-term average90.4 20102.2 20107.4 2010529 2010 withdrawal1,083 long-term average7.2 202336.4 2019surface 1,404, groundwater 432 km³/yr (390 counted in both); 30.5% of renewable water arrives from other countries; desalinated water 0.0006 km³ (2010) long-term average
Indonesia (population of 1 million or more)89.0 202470.3 20240.8 202429.7 20237,179 2018 resources ÷ 2023 population0 long-term average85.2 20164.1 201610.7 2016792 2016 withdrawal2,702 long-term average5.7 202315.8 2019surface 1,973, groundwater 457 km³/yr (412 counted in both); 0% of renewable water arrives from other countries; desalinated water 0.019 km³ (2000) long-term average
Iran (population of 1 million or more)97.9 202494.4 20240.1 202480.4 20231,512 2018 resources ÷ 2023 population6.8 long-term average92.2 20041.2 20046.7 20041,030 2004 withdrawal228 long-term average4.4 20232.9 2019surface 97.3, groundwater 49.3 km³/yr (18.1 counted in both); 6.8% of renewable water arrives from other countries; desalinated water 3.5 km³ (2022) long-term average
Iraq (population of 1 million or more)98.4 202494.2 20240.7 202467.8 20231,994 2018 resources ÷ 2023 population60.8 long-term average77.0 20227.6 202215.4 20221,071 2022 withdrawal216 long-term average1.0 20234.4 2019surface 34, groundwater 3.2 km³/yr (2 counted in both); 60.8% of renewable water arrives from other countries; desalinated water 0.007 km³ (2022) long-term average
Ireland (population of 1 million or more)97.1 202497.1 20240 20249.4 202310,006 2018 resources ÷ 2023 population5.8 long-term average2.5 202133.4 202164.0 2021377 2023 withdrawal1,118 long-term average3.5 20242.7 2019surface 48.2, groundwater 10.8 km³/yr (10 counted in both); 5.8% of renewable water arrives from other countries; desalinated water 0 km³ (2022) long-term average
Isle of Man100 2024100 20240 2024No figure published by AQUASTAT.No figure published by AQUASTAT.No figure published by AQUASTAT.No figure published by AQUASTAT.No figure published by AQUASTAT.No figure published by AQUASTAT.No figure published by AQUASTAT.No figure published by AQUASTAT.No figure published by the World Bank.No figure published by the World Bank.No figure published by AQUASTAT.
Israel (population of 1 million or more)100 2024100 20240 2024119.6 2023192 2018 resources ÷ 2023 population57.9 long-term average43.4 20174.5 201743.4 2017277 2023 withdrawal435 long-term average0 20232.0 2019surface 0.25, groundwater 0.5 km³/yr (0 counted in both); 57.9% of renewable water arrives from other countries; desalinated water 0.59 km³ (2023) long-term average
Italy (population of 1 million or more)99.9 202497.8 20240 202429.8 20233,215 2018 resources ÷ 2023 population4.6 long-term average49.7 201322.5 201327.8 2013569 2023 withdrawal832 long-term average20.2 20243.0 2019surface 170, groundwater 43 km³/yr (31 counted in both); 4.6% of renewable water arrives from other countries; desalinated water 0.02 km³ (2020) long-term average
Jamaica (population of 1 million or more)87.6 202469.8 20240.6 202412.4 20233,811 2018 resources ÷ 2023 population0 long-term average17.1 20219.5 202173.4 2021163 2021 withdrawal2,051 long-term average2.4 20232.3 2019surface 9.1, groundwater 5.5 km³/yr (3.8 counted in both); 0% of renewable water arrives from other countries; desalinated water 0.0005 km³ (2007) long-term average
Japan (population of 1 million or more)99.2 202498.7 20240 202435.4 20233,457 2018 resources ÷ 2023 population0 long-term average68.6 202212.7 202218.7 2022619 2022 withdrawal1,668 long-term average8.7 20248.4 2019surface 420, groundwater 27 km³/yr (17 counted in both); 0% of renewable water arrives from other countries; desalinated water 0.04 km³ (2009) long-term average
Jersey98.1 202492.9 20240 2024No figure published by AQUASTAT.No figure published by AQUASTAT.No figure published by AQUASTAT.No figure published by AQUASTAT.No figure published by AQUASTAT.No figure published by AQUASTAT.No figure published by AQUASTAT.No figure published by AQUASTAT.No figure published by the World Bank.No figure published by the World Bank.No figure published by AQUASTAT.
Jordan (population of 1 million or more)99.3 202498.9 20240.1 2024105.2 202381.9 2018 resources ÷ 2023 population27.2 long-term average51.7 20193.3 201945.0 201996.6 2019 withdrawal111 long-term average0.1 20231.9 2019surface 0.48, groundwater 0.45 km³/yr (0.25 counted in both); 27.2% of renewable water arrives from other countries; desalinated water 0.00067 km³ (2021) long-term average
Kazakhstan (population of 1 million or more)97.8 202491.6 20240.1 202433.6 20235,332 2018 resources ÷ 2023 population40.6 long-term average57.6 202325.0 202317.4 20231,198 2023 withdrawal250 long-term average7.8 20233.2 2019surface 56.5, groundwater 33.9 km³/yr (26 counted in both); 40.6% of renewable water arrives from other countries; desalinated water 0.059 km³ (2023) long-term average
Kenya (population of 1 million or more)65.6 202441.0 202418.9 202411.2 2023555 2018 resources ÷ 2023 population32.6 long-term average85.3 20232.3 202312.4 202391.3 2023 withdrawal630 long-term average28.3 202429.0 2019surface 20.2, groundwater 3.5 km³/yr (3 counted in both); 32.6% of renewable water arrives from other countries long-term average
Kiribati79.1 202455.6 20240 2024No figure published by AQUASTAT.0 2018 resources ÷ 2018 population; FAO publishes 0 km³ of renewable water here, with no component figures0 long-term averageNo figure published by AQUASTAT.No figure published by AQUASTAT.No figure published by AQUASTAT.No figure published by AQUASTAT.No figure published by AQUASTAT.0 202137.4 20190% of renewable water arrives from other countries long-term average
Kosovo (population of 1 million or more)Not published by JMP or AQUASTAT for Kosovo.Not published by JMP or AQUASTAT for Kosovo.Not published by JMP or AQUASTAT for Kosovo.Not published by JMP or AQUASTAT for Kosovo.Not published by JMP or AQUASTAT for Kosovo.Not published by JMP or AQUASTAT for Kosovo.Not published by JMP or AQUASTAT for Kosovo.Not published by JMP or AQUASTAT for Kosovo.Not published by JMP or AQUASTAT for Kosovo.Not published by JMP or AQUASTAT for Kosovo.Not published by JMP or AQUASTAT for Kosovo.4.3 2021No figure published by the World Bank.Not published by JMP or AQUASTAT for Kosovo.
Kuwait (population of 1 million or more)100 2024100 20240 20243,850.5 20234.1 2018 resources ÷ 2023 population100 long-term average53.9 20022.3 200243.9 2002258 2023 withdrawal121 long-term average0 20210.8 2019surface 0, groundwater 0 km³/yr (0 counted in both); 100% of renewable water arrives from other countries; desalinated water 0.76 km³ (2021) long-term average
Kyrgyzstan (population of 1 million or more)94.9 202488.4 20241.5 202449.7 20233,339 2018 resources ÷ 2023 population1.1 long-term average93.0 20064.2 20062.8 20061,083 2023 withdrawal533 long-term average86.7 20232.3 2019surface 46.5, groundwater 13.7 km³/yr (11.2 counted in both); 1.1% of renewable water arrives from other countries long-term average
Laos (population of 1 million or more)95.9 202495.9 20240 20244.8 202343,510 2018 resources ÷ 2023 population42.9 long-term average95.9 2019AQUASTAT publishes this share for Laos, but it rests on an imputed (carried-forward) withdrawal volume, so it is not shown.AQUASTAT publishes this share for Laos, but it rests on an imputed (carried-forward) withdrawal volume, so it is not shown.959 2023 withdrawal1,834 long-term average75.9 202320.5 2019surface 190, groundwater 37.9 km³/yr (37.9 counted in both); 42.9% of renewable water arrives from other countries long-term average
Latvia (population of 1 million or more)98.8 202497.0 20240 20241.0 202318,561 2018 resources ÷ 2023 population51.5 long-term average30.9 202319.8 202349.3 202394.2 2023 withdrawal667 long-term average50.8 20242.6 2019surface 16.5, groundwater 4.7 km³/yr (4.3 counted in both); 51.5% of renewable water arrives from other countries; desalinated water 0 km³ (2022) long-term average
Lebanon (population of 1 million or more)92.6 202489.6 20240 202458.8 2023780 2018 resources ÷ 2023 population0.8 long-term average38.0 201548.9 201513.0 2015319 2015 withdrawal661 long-term average8.8 20232.4 2019surface 4.1, groundwater 3.2 km³/yr (2.5 counted in both); 0.8% of renewable water arrives from other countries; desalinated water 0.047 km³ (2006) long-term average
Lesotho (population of 1 million or more)78.1 202433.6 20243.7 20242.6 20231,307 2018 resources ÷ 2023 population0 long-term average56.0 198722.0 198722.0 198718.9 2023 withdrawal788 long-term average99.6 2021108.1 2019surface 5.2, groundwater 0.5 km³/yr (0.5 counted in both); 0% of renewable water arrives from other countries long-term average
Liberia (population of 1 million or more)78.8 202417.5 20248.4 20240.3 202342,235 2018 resources ÷ 2023 population13.8 long-term average9.4 200036.2 200054.4 200026.6 2023 withdrawal2,391 long-term average55.7 202134.6 2019surface 200, groundwater 45 km³/yr (45 counted in both); 13.8% of renewable water arrives from other countries long-term average
Libya (population of 1 million or more)96.4 202445.5 20240.1 2024817.1 201295.8 2018 resources ÷ 2023 population0 long-term average83.2 20124.8 201212.0 2012798 2012 withdrawal56 long-term average0 20212.2 2019surface 0.2, groundwater 0.6 km³/yr (0.1 counted in both); 0% of renewable water arrives from other countries; desalinated water 0.07 km³ (2012) long-term average
Liechtenstein100 2024100 20240 2024No figure published by AQUASTAT.0 2018 resources ÷ 2018 population; FAO publishes 0 km³ of renewable water here, with no component figuresNo figure published by AQUASTAT.No figure published by AQUASTAT.No figure published by AQUASTAT.No figure published by AQUASTAT.No figure published by AQUASTAT.No figure published by AQUASTAT.No figure published by the World Bank.No figure published by the World Bank.No figure published by AQUASTAT.
Lithuania (population of 1 million or more)99.9 202496.7 20240 20242.2 20238,584 2018 resources ÷ 2023 population36.9 long-term average19.6 202229.3 202245.5 202299.3 2023 withdrawal656 long-term average12.5 20242.6 2019surface 15.4, groundwater 1.1 km³/yr (1 counted in both); 36.9% of renewable water arrives from other countries; desalinated water 0 km³ (2018) long-term average
Luxembourg100 202499.8 20240 20244.0 20235,262 2018 resources ÷ 2023 population71.4 long-term average1.0 20223.8 202291.2 202268.9 2023 withdrawal934 long-term average48.9 20241.9 2019surface 1, groundwater 0.08 km³/yr (0.08 counted in both); 71.4% of renewable water arrives from other countries; desalinated water 0 km³ (2020) long-term average
Macao100 2024100 20240 2024No figure published by AQUASTAT.No figure published by AQUASTAT.No figure published by AQUASTAT.No figure published by AQUASTAT.No figure published by AQUASTAT.No figure published by AQUASTAT.No figure published by AQUASTAT.No figure published by AQUASTAT.No figure published by the World Bank.No figure published by the World Bank.No figure published by AQUASTAT.
Madagascar (population of 1 million or more)55.3 202424.4 20249.3 202425.0 202310,803 2018 resources ÷ 2023 population0 long-term average98.9 20230.7 20230.4 2023957 2023 withdrawal1,513 long-term average37.2 202340.1 2019surface 332, groundwater 55 km³/yr (50 counted in both); 0% of renewable water arrives from other countries long-term average
Malawi (population of 1 million or more)73.1 202418.2 20241.6 20244.1 2023819 2018 resources ÷ 2023 population6.6 long-term average85.9 20053.5 200510.6 200564.3 2005 withdrawal1,181 long-term average72.5 202130.8 2019surface 16.1, groundwater 2.5 km³/yr (2.5 counted in both); 6.6% of renewable water arrives from other countries long-term average
Malaysia (population of 1 million or more)97.9 202494.7 2024JMP 2025 makes no 2024 estimate of drinking from surface water for Malaysia; its latest national estimate is 0.7% (2007).3.4 202316,512 2018 resources ÷ 2023 population0 long-term average82.0 19909.9 19908.1 1990156 2023 withdrawal2,875 long-term average16.5 202314.4 2019surface 566, groundwater 64 km³/yr (50 counted in both); 0% of renewable water arrives from other countries; desalinated water 0.0043 km³ (2005) long-term average
Maldives99.8 202497.8 20240 20240.3 201457.0 2018 resources ÷ 2023 population0 long-term average0 20085.1 200894.9 200811.2 2008 withdrawal1,972 long-term average0 20212.3 2019surface 0, groundwater 0.03 km³/yr (0 counted in both); 0% of renewable water arrives from other countries; desalinated water 0.015 km³ (2017) long-term average
Mali (population of 1 million or more)86.4 202443.0 20240.3 202443.0 20235,049 2018 resources ÷ 2023 population50.0 long-term average97.9 20060.1 20062.1 2006218 2006 withdrawal282 long-term average56.6 202166.1 2019surface 50, groundwater 20 km³/yr (10 counted in both); 50.0% of renewable water arrives from other countries long-term average
Malta100 2024100 20240 202445.5 2023153 2018 resources ÷ 2023 population0 long-term average33.6 20231.6 202364.8 2023118 2023 withdrawal534 long-term average0 20214.6 2019surface 0, groundwater 0.081 km³/yr (0 counted in both); 0% of renewable water arrives from other countries; desalinated water 0.025 km³ (2023) long-term average
Marshall Is.87.4 202482.2 20240 2024No figure published by AQUASTAT.0 2018 resources ÷ 2018 population; FAO publishes 0 km³ of renewable water here, with no component figures0 long-term averageNo figure published by AQUASTAT.No figure published by AQUASTAT.No figure published by AQUASTAT.No figure published by AQUASTAT.No figure published by AQUASTAT.0 2021No figure published by the World Bank.0% of renewable water arrives from other countries; desalinated water 0.0007 km³ (1990) long-term average
Mauritania (population of 1 million or more)77.3 202461.1 20240.1 202413.3 20232,270 2018 resources ÷ 2023 population96.5 long-term average93.7 20001.6 20004.7 2000269 2023 withdrawal92 long-term average0 202137.8 2019surface 0.1, groundwater 0.3 km³/yr (0 counted in both); 96.5% of renewable water arrives from other countries; desalinated water 0.002 km³ (2005) long-term average
Mauritius (population of 1 million or more)99.9 202499.9 20240 202422.5 20232,160 2018 resources ÷ 2023 population0 long-term average47.8 20231.6 202350.6 2023486 2023 withdrawal2,041 long-term average2.9 20235.5 2019surface 2.4, groundwater 0.89 km³/yr (0.5 counted in both); 0% of renewable water arrives from other countries long-term average
Mexico (population of 1 million or more)99.5 202496.8 20240 202444.9 20233,560 2018 resources ÷ 2023 population11.5 long-term average76.3 20238.9 202314.8 2023692 2023 withdrawal758 long-term average6.2 20243.5 2019surface 350, groundwater 150 km³/yr (91 counted in both); 11.5% of renewable water arrives from other countries; desalinated water 0.017 km³ (2022) long-term average
Micronesia89.9 202063.6 2020JMP 2025 makes no 2020 estimate of drinking from surface water for Micronesia; its latest national estimate is 7.0% (2014).No figure published by AQUASTAT.0 2018 resources ÷ 2018 population; FAO publishes 0 km³ of renewable water here, with no component figures0 long-term averageNo figure published by AQUASTAT.No figure published by AQUASTAT.No figure published by AQUASTAT.No figure published by AQUASTAT.No figure published by AQUASTAT.1.4 202114.0 20190% of renewable water arrives from other countries long-term average
Moldova (population of 1 million or more)92.7 202475.8 20240 202412.4 20234,001 2018 resources ÷ 2023 population86.8 long-term average6.9 202072.9 202020.0 2020260 2023 withdrawal450 long-term average4.7 20233.6 2019surface 1.3, groundwater 1.3 km³/yr (1 counted in both); 86.8% of renewable water arrives from other countries; desalinated water 0 km³ (2020) long-term average
Monaco100 2024100 20240 2024No figure published by AQUASTAT.No figure published by AQUASTAT.No figure published by AQUASTAT.0 20090 2009100 2009128 2009 withdrawalNo figure published by AQUASTAT.No figure published by the World Bank.No figure published by the World Bank.No figure published by AQUASTAT.
Mongolia (population of 1 million or more)86.1 202443.4 20244.6 20245.0 202310,140 2018 resources ÷ 2023 population0 long-term average54.3 201635.9 20169.8 2016135 2016 withdrawal241 long-term average0.8 20233.2 2019surface 32.7, groundwater 6.1 km³/yr (4 counted in both); 0% of renewable water arrives from other countries; desalinated water 0 km³ (2005) long-term average
Montenegro99.3 202498.6 2024<0.1 2024No figure published by AQUASTAT.No figure published by AQUASTAT.No figure published by AQUASTAT.0.3 202294.2 20225.5 20223,484 2022 withdrawalNo figure published by AQUASTAT.53.1 20231.8 2019No figure published by AQUASTAT.
Montserrat98.1 202498.1 20240 2024No figure published by AQUASTAT.No figure published by AQUASTAT.No figure published by AQUASTAT.No figure published by AQUASTAT.No figure published by AQUASTAT.No figure published by AQUASTAT.No figure published by AQUASTAT.No figure published by AQUASTAT.No figure published by the World Bank.No figure published by the World Bank.No figure published by AQUASTAT.
Morocco (population of 1 million or more)92.2 202480.7 20240 202433.5 2023769 2018 resources ÷ 2023 population0 long-term average87.8 20102.0 201010.2 2010277 2010 withdrawal346 long-term average1.2 20234.6 2019surface 22, groundwater 10 km³/yr (3 counted in both); 0% of renewable water arrives from other countries; desalinated water 0.009 km³ (2019) long-term average
Mozambique (population of 1 million or more)66.6 202432.2 20248.2 20241.8 20236,455 2018 resources ÷ 2023 population53.8 long-term average73.1 20151.7 201525.3 201543.8 2015 withdrawal1,032 long-term average82.8 202345.6 2019surface 97.3, groundwater 17 km³/yr (14 counted in both); 53.8% of renewable water arrives from other countries long-term average
Myanmar (population of 1 million or more)85.7 202466.2 20249.1 20245.8 202321,572 2018 resources ÷ 2023 population14.1 long-term average89.0 20001.0 200010.0 2000617 2023 withdrawal2,091 long-term average44.2 202312.9 2019surface 992, groundwater 454 km³/yr (443 counted in both); 14.1% of renewable water arrives from other countries long-term average
N. Mariana Is.100 202495.3 20240 2024No figure published by AQUASTAT.No figure published by AQUASTAT.No figure published by AQUASTAT.No figure published by AQUASTAT.No figure published by AQUASTAT.No figure published by AQUASTAT.No figure published by AQUASTAT.No figure published by AQUASTAT.No figure published by the World Bank.No figure published by the World Bank.No figure published by AQUASTAT.
Namibia (population of 1 million or more)86.5 202467.7 20242.9 20240.3 202313,469 2018 resources ÷ 2023 population84.6 long-term average71.0 20004.7 200024.3 200094.9 2023 withdrawal285 long-term average70.0 202328.8 2019surface 4.1, groundwater 2.1 km³/yr (0.04 counted in both); 84.6% of renewable water arrives from other countries; desalinated water 0.013 km³ (2021) long-term average
Nauru97.8 202496.1 20240 2024No figure published by AQUASTAT.842 2018 resources ÷ 2023 population0 long-term averageNo figure published by AQUASTAT.No figure published by AQUASTAT.No figure published by AQUASTAT.No figure published by AQUASTAT.No figure published by AQUASTAT.0 2021No figure published by the World Bank.0% of renewable water arrives from other countries long-term average
Nepal (population of 1 million or more)93.6 202478.5 20240.6 20248.3 20237,079 2018 resources ÷ 2023 population5.7 long-term average97.5 20000.4 20002.1 2000320 2023 withdrawal1,500 long-term average99.1 202317.8 2019surface 198, groundwater 20 km³/yr (20 counted in both); 5.7% of renewable water arrives from other countries long-term average
Netherlands (population of 1 million or more)100 2024100 20240 202414.9 20235,030 2018 resources ÷ 2023 population87.9 long-term average2.3 202368.5 202329.3 2023407 2023 withdrawal778 long-term average0.1 20243.4 2019surface 11, groundwater 4.5 km³/yr (4.5 counted in both); 87.9% of renewable water arrives from other countries; desalinated water 0 km³ (2022) long-term average
New Caledonia99.5 202499.5 20240 2024No figure published by AQUASTAT.No figure published by AQUASTAT.No figure published by AQUASTAT.No figure published by AQUASTAT.No figure published by AQUASTAT.No figure published by AQUASTAT.No figure published by AQUASTAT.No figure published by AQUASTAT.14.6 2021No figure published by the World Bank.No figure published by AQUASTAT.
New Zealand (population of 1 million or more)100 2024100 20240 20248.1 202363,215 2023 resources ÷ 2023 population0 long-term average61.7 201022.8 201015.6 2010960 2023 withdrawal1,732 long-term average52.6 20242.1 20190% of renewable water arrives from other countries long-term average
Nicaragua (population of 1 million or more)No figure published by JMP.No figure published by JMP.No figure published by JMP.2.2 202324,110 2018 resources ÷ 2023 population5.1 long-term average85.1 20190.1 201914.9 2019187 2023 withdrawal2,280 long-term average10.4 20233.5 2019surface 153, groundwater 59 km³/yr (55.4 counted in both); 5.1% of renewable water arrives from other countries; desalinated water 0.0005 km³ (2019) long-term average
Niger (population of 1 million or more)53.4 202415.3 20241.8 202411.0 20231,302 2018 resources ÷ 2023 population89.7 long-term average91.0 20191.5 20197.5 201998.8 2019 withdrawal151 long-term average0 202170.3 2019surface 1, groundwater 2.5 km³/yr (0 counted in both); 89.7% of renewable water arrives from other countries long-term average
Nigeria (population of 1 million or more)82.3 202437.1 20243.8 202429.7 20231,256 2018 resources ÷ 2023 population22.8 long-term average44.2 201015.8 201040.1 201054.7 2010 withdrawal1,150 long-term average22.2 202371.7 2019surface 214, groundwater 87 km³/yr (80 counted in both); 22.8% of renewable water arrives from other countries; desalinated water 0.003 km³ (2000) long-term average
Niue98.1 202493.0 20240 2024No figure published by AQUASTAT.0 2018 resources ÷ 2018 population; FAO publishes 0 km³ of renewable water here, with no component figures0 long-term averageNo figure published by AQUASTAT.No figure published by AQUASTAT.No figure published by AQUASTAT.No figure published by AQUASTAT.No figure published by AQUASTAT.No figure published by the World Bank.No figure published by the World Bank.0% of renewable water arrives from other countries long-term average
North Korea (population of 1 million or more)93.9 202374.5 2023JMP 2025 makes no 2023 estimate of drinking from surface water for North Korea; its latest national estimate is 0.3% (2021).27.7 20232,920 2018 resources ÷ 2023 population13.2 long-term average76.4 200513.2 200510.4 2005328 2005 withdrawal1,054 long-term average62.8 20234.1 2019surface 66, groundwater 13 km³/yr (12 counted in both); 13.2% of renewable water arrives from other countries long-term average
North Macedonia (population of 1 million or more)98.2 202496.5 20240.1 202465.9 20233,494 2018 resources ÷ 2023 population15.6 long-term average31.5 201321.6 201346.8 20131,486 2023 withdrawal619 long-term average23.6 20231.0 201915.6% of renewable water arrives from other countries long-term average
Norway (population of 1 million or more)100 2024100 20240 20242.0 202371,206 2018 resources ÷ 2023 population2.8 long-term average28.8 200639.0 200632.3 2006487 2023 withdrawal1,414 long-term average88.9 20243.6 2019surface 376, groundwater 96 km³/yr (90 counted in both); 2.8% of renewable water arrives from other countries; desalinated water 0.0014 km³ (2021) long-term average
Oman (population of 1 million or more)92.7 202491.1 2024<0.1 2024116.7 2018277 2018 resources ÷ 2023 population0 long-term average82.6 201812.7 20186.9 2018379 2023 withdrawal125 long-term average0 20211.6 2019surface 1.1, groundwater 1.3 km³/yr (0.95 counted in both); 0% of renewable water arrives from other countries; desalinated water 0.47 km³ (2023) long-term average
Pakistan (population of 1 million or more)90.7 202468.8 20241.1 202498.1 2023997 2018 resources ÷ 2023 population77.7 long-term average94.0 20080.8 20085.3 2008741 2008 withdrawal494 long-term average26.8 202338.8 2019surface 47.4, groundwater 55 km³/yr (47.4 counted in both); 77.7% of renewable water arrives from other countries long-term average
Palau99.5 202490.8 20240 2024No figure published by AQUASTAT.0 2018 resources ÷ 2018 population; FAO publishes 0 km³ of renewable water here, with no component figures0 long-term averageNo figure published by AQUASTAT.No figure published by AQUASTAT.No figure published by AQUASTAT.No figure published by AQUASTAT.No figure published by AQUASTAT.0 2021No figure published by the World Bank.0% of renewable water arrives from other countries long-term average
Palestine (population of 1 million or more)98.8 202493.8 20240 202445.2 2023155 2018 resources ÷ 2023 population3.0 long-term average35.1 20233.0 202361.9 202373.2 2023 withdrawal402 long-term average0 2021No figure published by the World Bank.surface 0.072, groundwater 0.74 km³/yr (0 counted in both); 3.0% of renewable water arrives from other countries; desalinated water 0.008 km³ (2023) long-term average
Panama (population of 1 million or more)95.3 202494.0 20241.0 20240.9 202331,243 2018 resources ÷ 2023 population1.9 long-term average36.8 20160.5 201662.7 2016272 2016 withdrawal2,928 long-term average46.9 20234.2 2019surface 133, groundwater 21 km³/yr (17.6 counted in both); 1.9% of renewable water arrives from other countries long-term average
Papua New Guinea (population of 1 million or more)53.3 202440.2 20248.9 20240.1 202377,096 2018 resources ÷ 2023 population0 long-term average0.3 200542.7 200557.0 200537.7 2005 withdrawal3,142 long-term average35.3 202124.9 2019surface 801, groundwater 212 km³/yr (212 counted in both); 0% of renewable water arrives from other countries long-term average
Paraguay (population of 1 million or more)99.6 202498.5 20240 20241.8 202356,657 2018 resources ÷ 2023 population69.8 long-term average71.4 20008.2 200020.4 2000353 2012 withdrawal1,130 long-term average99.6 20234.6 2019surface 117, groundwater 41.6 km³/yr (41.6 counted in both); 69.8% of renewable water arrives from other countries; desalinated water 8e-06 km³ (2011) long-term average
Peru (population of 1 million or more)95.6 202487.8 20241.0 20245.0 202355,540 2018 resources ÷ 2023 population12.7 long-term average81.4 20226.5 202212.1 2022801 2023 withdrawal1,738 long-term average47.8 20237.6 2019surface 1,641, groundwater 303 km³/yr (303 counted in both); 12.7% of renewable water arrives from other countries; desalinated water 0.068 km³ (2023) long-term average
Philippines (population of 1 million or more)95.9 202487.0 20240 202427.9 20234,169 2018 resources ÷ 2023 population0 long-term average74.5 202314.9 202310.5 2023794 2023 withdrawal2,348 long-term average8.7 202316.9 2019surface 444, groundwater 180 km³/yr (145 counted in both); 0% of renewable water arrives from other countries long-term average
Poland (population of 1 million or more)90.1 202488.7 20240 202432.5 20231,561 2018 resources ÷ 2023 population11.4 long-term average13.0 202265.5 202221.5 2022254 2022 withdrawal600 long-term average1.9 20245.4 2019surface 53.1, groundwater 12.5 km³/yr (12 counted in both); 11.4% of renewable water arrives from other countries; desalinated water 0.007 km³ (2009) long-term average
Portugal (population of 1 million or more)99.3 202496.9 20240 202412.3 20237,420 2018 resources ÷ 2023 population50.9 long-term average57.0 201830.5 201814.7 2018591 2023 withdrawal854 long-term average36.4 20246.8 2019surface 38, groundwater 4 km³/yr (4 counted in both); 50.9% of renewable water arrives from other countries; desalinated water 0.0012 km³ (2018) long-term average
Puerto Rico (population of 1 million or more)100 2024100 20240 202419.5 20232,190 2023 resources ÷ 2023 population0 long-term average3.5 201572.2 201524.3 20151,010 2015 withdrawal2,054 long-term average0.2 2021No figure published by the World Bank.0% of renewable water arrives from other countries long-term average
Qatar (population of 1 million or more)>99.9 2024>99.9 20240 2024431.0 201819.5 2018 resources ÷ 2023 population3.5 long-term average33.3 20224.3 202262.4 2022314 2022 withdrawal74 long-term average0 20210.4 2019surface 0, groundwater 0.056 km³/yr (0 counted in both); 3.5% of renewable water arrives from other countries; desalinated water 0.67 km³ (2022) long-term average
Romania (population of 1 million or more)100 202482.2 20240 20247.5 202311,089 2018 resources ÷ 2023 population80.0 long-term average34.9 202349.0 202316.2 2023419 2023 withdrawal637 long-term average32.2 20237.2 2019surface 42, groundwater 8.4 km³/yr (8 counted in both); 80.0% of renewable water arrives from other countries long-term average
Russia (population of 1 million or more)96.9 202476.3 2024JMP 2025 makes no 2024 estimate of drinking from surface water for Russia; its latest national estimate is 0.8% (2007).4.2 202331,115 2018 resources ÷ 2023 population4.7 long-term average28.8 201844.8 201826.5 2018446 2018 withdrawal460 long-term average17.4 20233.2 2019surface 4,036, groundwater 788 km³/yr (512 counted in both); 4.7% of renewable water arrives from other countries long-term average
Rwanda (population of 1 million or more)61.4 202414.6 20247.1 20246.6 2023953 2018 resources ÷ 2023 population28.6 long-term average60.1 20211.7 202138.3 202143.1 2021 withdrawal1,212 long-term average49.7 202325.0 2019surface 9.5, groundwater 7 km³/yr (7 counted in both); 28.6% of renewable water arrives from other countries long-term average
S. Sudan (population of 1 million or more)39.8 20246.1 202411.8 20244.2 20234,311 2018 resources ÷ 2023 population65.8 long-term averageNo figure published by AQUASTAT.No figure published by AQUASTAT.No figure published by AQUASTAT.No figure published by AQUASTAT.900 long-term average0 202168.1 2019surface 26, groundwater 4 km³/yr (4 counted in both); 65.8% of renewable water arrives from other countries long-term average
Saint Helena99.3 202498.4 20240 2024No figure published by AQUASTAT.No figure published by AQUASTAT.No figure published by AQUASTAT.No figure published by AQUASTAT.No figure published by AQUASTAT.No figure published by AQUASTAT.No figure published by AQUASTAT.No figure published by AQUASTAT.No figure published by the World Bank.No figure published by the World Bank.No figure published by AQUASTAT.
Saint Lucia98.1 202495.4 20240 202414.3 20071,673 2023 resources ÷ 2023 population0 long-term average70.9 20070 200729.1 2007239 2007 withdrawal2,301 long-term average0 20215.8 20190% of renewable water arrives from other countries long-term average
Samoa99.4 202498.3 20240.2 2024No figure published by AQUASTAT.0 2018 resources ÷ 2018 population; FAO publishes 0 km³ of renewable water here, with no component figures0 long-term averageNo figure published by AQUASTAT.No figure published by AQUASTAT.No figure published by AQUASTAT.No figure published by AQUASTAT.2,880 long-term average28.8 20218.2 20190% of renewable water arrives from other countries long-term average
San Marino100 2024100 20240 2024No figure published by AQUASTAT.No figure published by AQUASTAT.No figure published by AQUASTAT.No figure published by AQUASTAT.No figure published by AQUASTAT.No figure published by AQUASTAT.No figure published by AQUASTAT.No figure published by AQUASTAT.No figure published by the World Bank.No figure published by the World Bank.No figure published by AQUASTAT.
Saudi Arabia (population of 1 million or more)99.0 202492.7 2024<0.1 2024974.2 201872.1 2018 resources ÷ 2023 population0 long-term average81.6 20185.4 201813.1 2018781 2018 withdrawal59 long-term average0 20211.9 2019surface 2.2, groundwater 2.2 km³/yr (2 counted in both); 0% of renewable water arrives from other countries; desalinated water 2.9 km³ (2021) long-term average
Senegal (population of 1 million or more)88.0 202478.1 20240.1 202416.3 20232,156 2018 resources ÷ 2023 population33.8 long-term average91.1 20180.1 20188.8 2018167 2023 withdrawal686 long-term average0 202131.7 2019surface 23.8, groundwater 3.5 km³/yr (1.5 counted in both); 33.8% of renewable water arrives from other countries; desalinated water 5e-05 km³ (2002) long-term average
Serbia (population of 1 million or more)95.4 202493.3 2024<0.1 20245.8 202323,947 2018 resources ÷ 2023 populationNo figure published by AQUASTAT.8.5 202378.2 202313.3 2023761 2023 withdrawalNo figure published by AQUASTAT.32.7 20233.9 2019No figure published by AQUASTAT.
Seychelles97.7 202496.9 2024JMP 2025 makes no 2024 estimate of drinking from surface water for Seychelles; its latest national estimate is 3.8% (2018).No figure published by AQUASTAT.0 2018 resources ÷ 2018 population; FAO publishes 0 km³ of renewable water here, with no component figures0 long-term average7.3 200327.6 200365.0 2003107 2023 withdrawal2,330 long-term average0 20218.4 20190% of renewable water arrives from other countries; desalinated water 0.001 km³ (2003) long-term average
Sierra Leone (population of 1 million or more)68.1 202414.8 20248.7 20240.5 202318,911 2018 resources ÷ 2023 population0 long-term average21.5 200526.2 200552.3 200525.1 2005 withdrawal2,526 long-term average70.5 202169.5 2019surface 150, groundwater 25 km³/yr (15 counted in both); 0% of renewable water arrives from other countries long-term average
Singapore (population of 1 million or more)100 2024100 20240 20247.0 2023104 2023 resources ÷ 2023 population0 long-term average0.4 202244.9 202254.7 202262.6 2022 withdrawal2,497 long-term average0 20218.5 20190% of renewable water arrives from other countries; desalinated water 0.17 km³ (2015) long-term average
Sint Maarten99.3 201795.0 20170 2017No figure published by AQUASTAT.No figure published by AQUASTAT.No figure published by AQUASTAT.No figure published by AQUASTAT.No figure published by AQUASTAT.No figure published by AQUASTAT.No figure published by AQUASTAT.No figure published by AQUASTAT.0 2021No figure published by the World Bank.No figure published by AQUASTAT.
Slovakia (population of 1 million or more)99.8 202499.8 20240 20242.4 20239,079 2018 resources ÷ 2023 population74.9 long-term average5.8 202239.8 202254.3 2022102 2022 withdrawal824 long-term average18.0 20243.6 2019surface 12.6, groundwater 1.7 km³/yr (1.7 counted in both); 74.9% of renewable water arrives from other countries long-term average
Slovenia (population of 1 million or more)99.6 202499.6 20240 20246.4 202315,044 2018 resources ÷ 2023 population41.4 long-term average0.5 202380.2 202319.3 2023448 2023 withdrawal1,162 long-term average33.1 20241.9 2019surface 18.5, groundwater 13.5 km³/yr (13.3 counted in both); 41.4% of renewable water arrives from other countries long-term average
Solomon Is.71.6 202455.0 20243.8 2024No figure published by AQUASTAT.55,875 2018 resources ÷ 2023 population0 long-term averageNo figure published by AQUASTAT.No figure published by AQUASTAT.No figure published by AQUASTAT.No figure published by AQUASTAT.3,028 long-term average0.9 202132.7 2019surface 44.7, groundwater 11.9 km³/yr (11.9 counted in both); 0% of renewable water arrives from other countries long-term average
Somalia (population of 1 million or more)75.3 202451.0 20243.4 202424.5 2023801 2018 resources ÷ 2023 population59.2 long-term average99.5 20030.1 20030.5 2003180 2003 withdrawal282 long-term average0 202199.2 2019surface 5.7, groundwater 3.3 km³/yr (3 counted in both); 59.2% of renewable water arrives from other countries; desalinated water 0.0001 km³ (2003) long-term average
South Africa (population of 1 million or more)90.2 202480.9 20241.2 202466.8 2023812 2018 resources ÷ 2023 population12.8 long-term average57.0 202322.7 202320.3 2023330 2023 withdrawal495 long-term average2.9 202327.6 2019surface 43, groundwater 4.8 km³/yr (3 counted in both); 12.8% of renewable water arrives from other countries; desalinated water 0.077 km³ (2022) long-term average
South Korea (population of 1 million or more)100 202499.8 20240 202485.2 20231,347 2018 resources ÷ 2023 population7.0 long-term average55.2 200215.3 200229.5 2002523 2023 withdrawal1,274 long-term average1.5 20245.2 2019surface 62.2, groundwater 13.3 km³/yr (10.7 counted in both); 7.0% of renewable water arrives from other countries; desalinated water 0.0002 km³ (2005) long-term average
Spain (population of 1 million or more)99.9 202499.9 20240 202443.3 20232,327 2018 resources ÷ 2023 population0.3 long-term average65.3 202019.0 202015.7 2020606 2020 withdrawal636 long-term average14.2 20243.2 2019surface 110, groundwater 29.9 km³/yr (28.2 counted in both); 0.3% of renewable water arrives from other countries; desalinated water 0.42 km³ (2020) long-term average
Sri Lanka (population of 1 million or more)90.2 202480.8 20242.0 202490.8 20232,298 2018 resources ÷ 2023 population0 long-term average87.4 20056.4 20056.2 2005564 2005 withdrawal1,712 long-term average38.0 20234.8 2019surface 52, groundwater 7.8 km³/yr (7 counted in both); 0% of renewable water arrives from other countries long-term average
St-Barthélemy100 2024100 20240 2024No figure published by AQUASTAT.No figure published by AQUASTAT.No figure published by AQUASTAT.No figure published by AQUASTAT.No figure published by AQUASTAT.No figure published by AQUASTAT.No figure published by AQUASTAT.No figure published by AQUASTAT.No figure published by the World Bank.No figure published by the World Bank.No figure published by AQUASTAT.
St-Martin99.9 202499.9 20240 2024No figure published by AQUASTAT.No figure published by AQUASTAT.No figure published by AQUASTAT.No figure published by AQUASTAT.No figure published by AQUASTAT.No figure published by AQUASTAT.No figure published by AQUASTAT.No figure published by AQUASTAT.0 2021No figure published by the World Bank.No figure published by AQUASTAT.
St. Kitts and Nevis98.6 201798.3 20170 201732.0 2012513 2018 resources ÷ 2023 population0 long-term average1.3 20120 201298.7 2012334 2012 withdrawal1,427 long-term average0 2021No figure published by the World Bank.surface 0.004, groundwater 0.02 km³/yr (0 counted in both); 0% of renewable water arrives from other countries; desalinated water 0.0033 km³ (2012) long-term average
St. Pierre and Miquelon98.2 202496.0 20240 2024No figure published by AQUASTAT.No figure published by AQUASTAT.No figure published by AQUASTAT.No figure published by AQUASTAT.No figure published by AQUASTAT.No figure published by AQUASTAT.No figure published by AQUASTAT.No figure published by AQUASTAT.No figure published by the World Bank.No figure published by the World Bank.No figure published by AQUASTAT.
St. Vin. and Gren.97.7 201895.7 2018JMP 2025 makes no 2018 estimate of drinking from surface water for St. Vin. and Gren.; its latest national estimate is 0.5% (2016).7.9 2013987 2023 resources ÷ 2023 population0 long-term average0 2013<0.1 2013>99.9 201383.9 2013 withdrawal1,583 long-term average13.4 20215.3 20190% of renewable water arrives from other countries; desalinated water 0.0006 km³ (2013) long-term average
Sudan (population of 1 million or more)64.9 202441.4 20244.6 2024118.7 2023755 2018 resources ÷ 2023 population96.1 long-term averageNo figure published by AQUASTAT.No figure published by AQUASTAT.No figure published by AQUASTAT.No figure published by AQUASTAT.250 long-term average79.9 202315.8 2019surface 2, groundwater 3 km³/yr (1 counted in both); 96.1% of renewable water arrives from other countries long-term average
Suriname98.0 202496.0 20240.6 20244.0 2023157,421 2018 resources ÷ 2023 population0 long-term average70.0 200622.0 20068.0 2006979 2006 withdrawal2,331 long-term average61.0 20237.1 2019surface 99, groundwater 90 km³/yr (90 counted in both); 0% of renewable water arrives from other countries long-term average
Sweden (population of 1 million or more)99.8 202499.8 20240 20243.6 202316,491 2018 resources ÷ 2023 population1.7 long-term average4.1 202051.0 202028.1 2020196 2023 withdrawal624 long-term average37.7 20243.0 2019surface 170, groundwater 20 km³/yr (19 counted in both); 1.7% of renewable water arrives from other countries; desalinated water 0.001 km³ (2020) long-term average
Switzerland (population of 1 million or more)100 2024100 20240 20246.5 20236,031 2018 resources ÷ 2023 population24.5 long-term average8.0 201232.1 201260.0 2012195 2023 withdrawal1,537 long-term average59.1 20242.5 2019surface 40.4, groundwater 2.5 km³/yr (2.5 counted in both); 24.5% of renewable water arrives from other countries; desalinated water 0 km³ (2022) long-term average
Syria (population of 1 million or more)94.1 202485.7 2024<0.1 2024124.4 2023712 2018 resources ÷ 2023 population72.4 long-term average87.9 20033.6 20038.5 2003710 2023 withdrawal252 long-term average3.0 20239.1 2019surface 4.3, groundwater 4.8 km³/yr (2 counted in both); 72.4% of renewable water arrives from other countries long-term average
São Tomé and Principe78.0 202436.7 20241.0 20241.9 20169,442 2023 resources ÷ 2023 population0 long-term average62.6 20161.5 201635.9 2016177 2016 withdrawal3,200 long-term average5.9 202116.7 20190% of renewable water arrives from other countries long-term average
Taiwan (population of 1 million or more)Not published in the UN-system datasets used here (JMP, AQUASTAT, World Bank).Not published in the UN-system datasets used here (JMP, AQUASTAT, World Bank).Not published in the UN-system datasets used here (JMP, AQUASTAT, World Bank).Not published in the UN-system datasets used here (JMP, AQUASTAT, World Bank).Not published in the UN-system datasets used here (JMP, AQUASTAT, World Bank).Not published in the UN-system datasets used here (JMP, AQUASTAT, World Bank).Not published in the UN-system datasets used here (JMP, AQUASTAT, World Bank).Not published in the UN-system datasets used here (JMP, AQUASTAT, World Bank).Not published in the UN-system datasets used here (JMP, AQUASTAT, World Bank).Not published in the UN-system datasets used here (JMP, AQUASTAT, World Bank).Not published in the UN-system datasets used here (JMP, AQUASTAT, World Bank).Not published in the UN-system datasets used here (JMP, AQUASTAT, World Bank).Not published in the UN-system datasets used here (JMP, AQUASTAT, World Bank).Not published in the UN-system datasets used here (JMP, AQUASTAT, World Bank).
Tajikistan (population of 1 million or more)89.2 202465.1 20246.1 202469.9 20232,109 2018 resources ÷ 2023 population17.3 long-term average75.5 201816.5 20188.0 2018953 2023 withdrawal691 long-term average94.4 20239.0 2019surface 60.5, groundwater 6 km³/yr (3 counted in both); 17.3% of renewable water arrives from other countries; desalinated water 0 km³ (2006) long-term average
Tanzania (population of 1 million or more)64.6 202448.8 202411.0 202413.0 20231,445 2018 resources ÷ 2023 population12.8 long-term average89.4 20020.5 200210.2 200277.8 2002 withdrawal1,071 long-term average25.5 202330.2 2019surface 80, groundwater 30 km³/yr (26 counted in both); 12.8% of renewable water arrives from other countries long-term average
Thailand (population of 1 million or more)100 2024100 20240 202421.5 20236,117 2018 resources ÷ 2023 population48.8 long-term average90.4 20074.9 20074.8 2007799 2007 withdrawal1,622 long-term average3.5 202311.8 2019surface 213, groundwater 41.9 km³/yr (30.7 counted in both); 48.8% of renewable water arrives from other countries; desalinated water 0.036 km³ (2020) long-term average
Timor-Leste (population of 1 million or more)87.3 202477.8 20244.9 202428.3 20235,934 2018 resources ÷ 2023 population0 long-term average91.4 20040.2 20048.5 2004847 2004 withdrawal1,500 long-term average0.3 202120.4 2019surface 8.1, groundwater 0.89 km³/yr (0.8 counted in both); 0% of renewable water arrives from other countries long-term average
Togo (population of 1 million or more)64.8 202420.5 20246.0 20243.4 20231,580 2018 resources ÷ 2023 population21.8 long-term average45.0 20022.4 200252.7 200224.0 2023 withdrawal1,168 long-term average12.8 202342.4 2019surface 10.8, groundwater 5.7 km³/yr (5 counted in both); 21.8% of renewable water arrives from other countries long-term average
Tonga98.9 202498.6 20240 2024No figure published by AQUASTAT.0 2018 resources ÷ 2018 population; FAO publishes 0 km³ of renewable water here, with no component figures0 long-term averageNo figure published by AQUASTAT.No figure published by AQUASTAT.No figure published by AQUASTAT.No figure published by AQUASTAT.No figure published by AQUASTAT.0 20217.1 20190% of renewable water arrives from other countries long-term average
Trinidad and Tobago (population of 1 million or more)99.3 202498.8 2024<0.1 202419.9 20232,555 2018 resources ÷ 2023 population0 long-term average4.4 201133.6 201162.0 2011255 2011 withdrawal2,200 long-term average0 20211.6 2019surface 3.7, groundwater 0.61 km³/yr (0.51 counted in both); 0% of renewable water arrives from other countries; desalinated water 0.081 km³ (2016) long-term average
Tunisia (population of 1 million or more)96.7 202488.3 20240.1 202497.1 2023378 2018 resources ÷ 2023 population9.1 long-term average75.0 20232.1 202323.0 2023315 2023 withdrawal207 long-term average<0.1 20233.1 2019surface 3.1, groundwater 1.5 km³/yr (0.4 counted in both); 9.1% of renewable water arrives from other countries; desalinated water 0.015 km³ (2023) long-term average
Turkey (population of 1 million or more)96.0 202493.6 20240.2 202447.9 20232,425 2018 resources ÷ 2023 population1.5 long-term average86.9 20222.0 202211.1 2022740 2022 withdrawal593 long-term average21.5 20242.5 2019surface 186, groundwater 69 km³/yr (28 counted in both); 1.5% of renewable water arrives from other countries; desalinated water 0.026 km³ (2022) long-term average
Turkmenistan (population of 1 million or more)99.9 202499.9 20240 2024135.2 20233,363 2018 resources ÷ 2023 population97.0 long-term average94.3 20043.0 20042.7 20042,360 2023 withdrawal161 long-term average<0.1 20235.7 2019surface 1, groundwater 0.41 km³/yr (0 counted in both); 97.0% of renewable water arrives from other countries; desalinated water 0 km³ (2006) long-term average
Turks and Caicos Is.98.8 202447.1 20240 2024No figure published by AQUASTAT.No figure published by AQUASTAT.No figure published by AQUASTAT.No figure published by AQUASTAT.No figure published by AQUASTAT.No figure published by AQUASTAT.No figure published by AQUASTAT.No figure published by AQUASTAT.0 2021No figure published by the World Bank.No figure published by AQUASTAT.
Tuvalu98.7 202489.9 20240 2024No figure published by AQUASTAT.0 2018 resources ÷ 2018 population; FAO publishes 0 km³ of renewable water here, with no component figures0 long-term averageNo figure published by AQUASTAT.No figure published by AQUASTAT.No figure published by AQUASTAT.No figure published by AQUASTAT.No figure published by AQUASTAT.0 2021No figure published by the World Bank.0% of renewable water arrives from other countries long-term average
U.S. Virgin Is.99.5 202498.7 20240 2024No figure published by AQUASTAT.No figure published by AQUASTAT.No figure published by AQUASTAT.No figure published by AQUASTAT.No figure published by AQUASTAT.No figure published by AQUASTAT.No figure published by AQUASTAT.No figure published by AQUASTAT.0 2021No figure published by the World Bank.No figure published by AQUASTAT.
Uganda (population of 1 million or more)63.0 202419.7 20243.9 20245.8 20231,235 2018 resources ÷ 2023 population35.1 long-term average40.7 20087.9 200851.5 200813.1 2008 withdrawal1,180 long-term average89.9 202328.1 2019surface 39, groundwater 29 km³/yr (29 counted in both); 35.1% of renewable water arrives from other countries long-term average
Ukraine (population of 1 million or more)93.5 202491.7 20240.6 20247.3 20234,645 2018 resources ÷ 2023 population68.6 long-term average28.3 202338.8 202332.9 2023150 2023 withdrawal565 long-term average11.7 20232.3 2019surface 50.1, groundwater 22 km³/yr (17 counted in both); 68.6% of renewable water arrives from other countries; desalinated water 0 km³ (2022) long-term average
United Arab Emirates (population of 1 million or more)100 202498.6 20240 20241,437.3 202314.1 2018 resources ÷ 2023 population0 long-term average43.1 20230.8 202356.2 2023462 2023 withdrawal78 long-term average0 20210.8 2019surface 0.15, groundwater 0.12 km³/yr (0.12 counted in both); 0% of renewable water arrives from other countries; desalinated water 2.1 km³ (2023) long-term average
United Kingdom (population of 1 million or more)100 2024100 20240 202414.4 20232,140 2018 resources ÷ 2023 population1.4 long-term average14.1 201612.0 201674.0 2016123 2016 withdrawal1,220 long-term average2.8 20246.1 2019surface 144, groundwater 9.8 km³/yr (9 counted in both); 1.4% of renewable water arrives from other countries; desalinated water 0.033 km³ (2008) long-term average
United States of America (population of 1 million or more)>99.9 202499.8 20240 202424.5 20238,935 2018 resources ÷ 2023 population8.2 long-term average40.1 201547.7 201513.3 20151,294 2023 withdrawal715 long-term average5.8 20242.3 2019surface 2,662, groundwater 1,383 km³/yr (1,227 counted in both); 8.2% of renewable water arrives from other countries; desalinated water 0.58 km³ (2010) long-term average
Uruguay (population of 1 million or more)99.6 202498.8 20240 202411.6 202350,825 2018 resources ÷ 2023 population46.5 long-term average78.9 202311.4 20239.7 20231,284 2023 withdrawal1,300 long-term average27.2 20234.4 2019surface 92.2, groundwater 22.9 km³/yr (22.9 counted in both); 46.5% of renewable water arrives from other countries long-term average
Uzbekistan (population of 1 million or more)97.3 202482.4 20241.2 2024123.0 20231,371 2018 resources ÷ 2023 population80.1 long-term average92.1 20222.7 20225.2 20221,248 2022 withdrawal206 long-term average9.3 20232.9 2019surface 9.5, groundwater 8.8 km³/yr (2 counted in both); 80.1% of renewable water arrives from other countries; desalinated water 0 km³ (2022) long-term average
Vanuatu87.1 202480.4 20244.6 2024No figure published by AQUASTAT.31,210 2018 resources ÷ 2023 population0 long-term averageNo figure published by AQUASTAT.No figure published by AQUASTAT.No figure published by AQUASTAT.No figure published by AQUASTAT.2,000 long-term average10.7 202125.0 2019surface 10, groundwater 4.4 km³/yr (4.4 counted in both); 0% of renewable water arrives from other countries long-term average
VaticanNo figure published by JMP.No figure published by JMP.No figure published by JMP.No figure published by AQUASTAT.0 2018 resources ÷ 2018 population; FAO publishes 0 km³ of renewable water here, with no component figuresNo figure published by AQUASTAT.No figure published by AQUASTAT.No figure published by AQUASTAT.No figure published by AQUASTAT.No figure published by AQUASTAT.No figure published by AQUASTAT.No figure published by the World Bank.No figure published by the World Bank.No figure published by AQUASTAT.
Venezuela (population of 1 million or more)93.3 202485.2 2024JMP 2025 makes no 2024 estimate of drinking from surface water for Venezuela; its latest national estimate is 1.4% (2017).7.5 202346,818 2018 resources ÷ 2023 population39.3 long-term average43.8 20007.5 200048.7 2000799 2023 withdrawal2,044 long-term average90.0 20235.2 2019surface 783, groundwater 227 km³/yr (205 counted in both); 39.3% of renewable water arrives from other countries; desalinated water 0.0052 km³ (2007) long-term average
Vietnam (population of 1 million or more)98.8 202498.8 20240 202417.8 20238,810 2018 resources ÷ 2023 population59.4 long-term average94.8 20053.8 20051.5 2005799 2015 withdrawal1,821 long-term average29.4 20236.9 2019surface 323, groundwater 71.4 km³/yr (35 counted in both); 59.4% of renewable water arrives from other countries long-term average
Wallis and Futuna Is.99.3 202498.3 20240 2024No figure published by AQUASTAT.No figure published by AQUASTAT.No figure published by AQUASTAT.No figure published by AQUASTAT.No figure published by AQUASTAT.No figure published by AQUASTAT.No figure published by AQUASTAT.No figure published by AQUASTAT.No figure published by the World Bank.No figure published by the World Bank.No figure published by AQUASTAT.
Yemen (population of 1 million or more)75.0 202467.3 20242.0 2024281.5 201553.3 2018 resources ÷ 2023 population0 long-term average90.7 20051.8 20057.4 200590.5 2005 withdrawal167 long-term average0 202115.6 2019surface 2, groundwater 1.5 km³/yr (1.4 counted in both); 0% of renewable water arrives from other countries; desalinated water 0.025 km³ (2006) long-term average
Zambia (population of 1 million or more)73.4 202433.4 20245.6 20248.6 20235,057 2018 resources ÷ 2023 population23.5 long-term average78.2 20235.9 202315.9 2023230 2023 withdrawal1,020 long-term average87.8 202335.8 2019surface 80.2, groundwater 47 km³/yr (47 counted in both); 23.5% of renewable water arrives from other countries long-term average
Zimbabwe (population of 1 million or more)67.2 202427.9 20247.2 202446.1 20231,224 2018 resources ÷ 2023 population38.7 long-term average87.2 20201.7 202011.1 2020300 2020 withdrawal657 long-term average45.1 202336.2 2019surface 11.3, groundwater 6 km³/yr (5 counted in both); 38.7% of renewable water arrives from other countries long-term average
eSwatini (population of 1 million or more)80.4 202463.2 20248.8 202477.6 20233,665 2018 resources ÷ 2023 population41.5 long-term average96.6 20001.2 20002.3 2000868 2023 withdrawal788 long-term average53.9 202346.5 2019surface 2.6, groundwater 0.66 km³/yr (0.66 counted in both); 41.5% of renewable water arrives from other countries long-term average

Sources, licences, and what is not claimed

Where every figure comes from.

The map, the table and the country dossiers above are adapted by ė.co from the sources below. None of these organisations has reviewed or endorsed this page. Liquid Best, the bottled-water brand further down, is a design fiction: it is not endorsed by WHO, UNICEF, FAO, IGRAC, UNESCO, GRDC, Global Dam Watch, the World Bank or any other publisher named here, and none of their data describes it. The drinking-water figures are adapted by ė.co and are not endorsed by WHO or UNICEF. This page is non-commercial, as the JMP and AQUASTAT licences require, and uses no logos.

Drinking water
Drinking-water data: WHO/UNICEF Joint Monitoring Programme for Water Supply, Sanitation and Hygiene (JMP), washdata.org. JMP 2025 household estimates, 2000–2024 (updated Aug 2025), and JMP country files (survey data). Licence: CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO. Adapted by ė.co; not endorsed by WHO or UNICEF.
Water resources and use
FAO. 2026. AQUASTAT Core Database. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Accessed on 10 September 2026. https://data.apps.fao.org/aquastat/?lang=en Licence: CC-BY-4.0. FAO’s database terms say CC BY 4.0 and its catalogue record says CC BY-NC-SA 4.0; this page follows the stricter reading. No FAO endorsement is implied.
World Bank
Source: World Bank, World Development Indicators (updated 13 Jul 2026): EG.ELC.HYRO.ZS (from IEA data) and SH.STA.WASH.P5 (from the WHO Global Health Observatory); the dossiers also use AG.LND.IRIG.AG.ZS (from FAO AQUASTAT) and EN.CLC.MDAT.ZS (from EM-DAT, CRED). Licence CC BY 4.0. Latest available year selected per country by ė.co; values not otherwise changed.
Transboundary aquifers
IGRAC and UNESCO-IHP (2025) Transboundary Aquifers of the World Map. Edition 2025. Delft, Netherlands. https://doi.org/10.58154/yb8g-cp97. Licence CC BY-SA 3.0 IGO. A single aquifer is cited in its dossier as “in IGRAC and UNESCO-IHP (2025)”.
Aquifer lists
Jasechko, S. (2023) Global Aquifer Database, HydroShare; Jasechko et al. (2024) Nature 625, doi:10.1038/s41586-023-06879-8. Licence CC BY 4.0. Lists only; no geometry is shipped.
River basins
GRDC (2020): GRDC Major River Basins. Global Runoff Data Centre. 2nd, rev. ed. Koblenz: Federal Institute of Hydrology (BfG).

Acknowledgments: This product “Major River Basins of the World” incorporates data from the HydroSHEDS database which is © World Wildlife Fund, Inc. (2006-2013) and has been used herein under license. WWF has not evaluated the data as altered and incorporated within “Major River Basins of the World”, and therefore gives no warranty regarding its accuracy, completeness, currency or suitability for any particular purpose. Portions of the HydroSHEDS database incorporate data which are the intellectual property rights of © USGS (2006-2008), NASA (2000-2005), ESRI (1992-1998), CIAT (2004-2006), UNEP-WCMC (1993), WWF (2004), Commonwealth of Australia (2007), and Her Royal Majesty and the British Crown and are used under license. The HydroSHEDS database and more information are available at http://www.hydrosheds.org.

www.hydrosheds.org. The basin outlines are drawn on this page only and are not offered for download.
International basins register
Product of the Transboundary Freshwater Diplomacy Database, College of Earth, Ocean, and Atmospheric Sciences, Oregon State University. Additional information about the TFDD can be found at: http://transboundarywaters.science.oregonstate.edu.
Dams and reservoirs
This product incorporates data from the GDW database © Global Dam Watch (2024). Lehner, B. et al. (2024), Scientific Data 11, 1069, doi:10.1038/s41597-024-03752-9 · www.globaldamwatch.org. Licence CC BY 4.0. Only aggregates and selected reservoirs are shipped; the original dataset is not.
Infrastructure and groundwater features
Data: Wikidata (CC0 1.0), retrieved 10 September 2026. Each item links to its Wikidata page.
Country stories
Summarised from English Wikipedia articles, CC BY-SA 4.0; each claim links to the revision it was checked against. No Wikipedia text is quoted as ours; where our summary happens to use the article’s own words, the dossier says so.
The 267 Wikipedia articles, with the revisions checked
  • Source: Wikipedia, “Abu Dhabi” (revision 1373205819), by Wikipedia contributors, CC BY-SA 4.0. Facts summarised; changes made.
  • Source: Wikipedia, “Acea (company)” (revision 1359664464), by Wikipedia contributors, CC BY-SA 4.0. Facts summarised; changes made.
  • Source: Wikipedia, “Aflaj Irrigation Systems of Oman” (revision 1365729640), by Wikipedia contributors, CC BY-SA 4.0. Facts summarised; changes made.
  • Source: Wikipedia, “Agriculture in Cyprus” (revision 1330278522), by Wikipedia contributors, CC BY-SA 4.0. Facts summarised; changes made.
  • Source: Wikipedia, “Albania” (revision 1373352422), by Wikipedia contributors, CC BY-SA 4.0. Facts summarised; changes made.
  • Source: Wikipedia, “Asmara” (revision 1373989054), by Wikipedia contributors, CC BY-SA 4.0. Facts summarised; changes made.
  • Source: Wikipedia, “Authority for Regulation of Water and Energy Sectors” (revision 1368357567), by Wikipedia contributors, CC BY-SA 4.0. Facts summarised; changes made.
  • Source: Wikipedia, “Bahrain” (revision 1373603759), by Wikipedia contributors, CC BY-SA 4.0. Facts summarised; changes made.
  • Source: Wikipedia, “Bamako” (revision 1372587456), by Wikipedia contributors, CC BY-SA 4.0. Facts summarised; changes made.
  • Source: Wikipedia, “Beijing” (revision 1374136870), by Wikipedia contributors, CC BY-SA 4.0. Facts summarised; changes made.
  • Source: Wikipedia, “Bengo River” (revision 1369353712), by Wikipedia contributors, CC BY-SA 4.0. Facts summarised; changes made.
  • Source: Wikipedia, “Botswana” (revision 1373884851), by Wikipedia contributors, CC BY-SA 4.0. Facts summarised; changes made.
  • Source: Wikipedia, “Bulgaria” (revision 1374164018), by Wikipedia contributors, CC BY-SA 4.0. Facts summarised; changes made.
  • Source: Wikipedia, “Burundi” (revision 1373495973), by Wikipedia contributors, CC BY-SA 4.0. Facts summarised; changes made.
  • Source: Wikipedia, “Cameroon” (revision 1371978217), by Wikipedia contributors, CC BY-SA 4.0. Facts summarised; changes made.
  • Source: Wikipedia, “Canal de Isabel II” (revision 1277645424), by Wikipedia contributors, CC BY-SA 4.0. Facts summarised; changes made.
  • Source: Wikipedia, “Climate change in Mauritius” (revision 1371927586), by Wikipedia contributors, CC BY-SA 4.0. Facts summarised; changes made.
  • Source: Wikipedia, “Conakry” (revision 1369592573), by Wikipedia contributors, CC BY-SA 4.0. Facts summarised; changes made.
  • Source: Wikipedia, “Croatia” (revision 1374021378), by Wikipedia contributors, CC BY-SA 4.0. Facts summarised; changes made.
  • Source: Wikipedia, “Cyprus” (revision 1374099548), by Wikipedia contributors, CC BY-SA 4.0. Facts summarised; changes made.
  • Source: Wikipedia, “Desalination by country” (revision 1371645672), by Wikipedia contributors, CC BY-SA 4.0. Facts summarised; changes made.
  • Source: Wikipedia, “Eau de Paris” (revision 1356463688), by Wikipedia contributors, CC BY-SA 4.0. Facts summarised; changes made.
  • Source: Wikipedia, “Economy of Burundi” (revision 1373500636), by Wikipedia contributors, CC BY-SA 4.0. Facts summarised; changes made.
  • Source: Wikipedia, “Economy of Guinea” (revision 1365187553), by Wikipedia contributors, CC BY-SA 4.0. Facts summarised; changes made.
  • Source: Wikipedia, “Economy of Niger” (revision 1372563366), by Wikipedia contributors, CC BY-SA 4.0. Facts summarised; changes made.
  • Source: Wikipedia, “Environment of Bosnia and Herzegovina” (revision 1360654981), by Wikipedia contributors, CC BY-SA 4.0. Facts summarised; changes made.
  • Source: Wikipedia, “Environmental issues in Albania” (revision 1345337000), by Wikipedia contributors, CC BY-SA 4.0. Facts summarised; changes made.
  • Source: Wikipedia, “Environmental issues in Bulgaria” (revision 1362287495), by Wikipedia contributors, CC BY-SA 4.0. Facts summarised; changes made.
  • Source: Wikipedia, “Environmental issues in Finland” (revision 1371262703), by Wikipedia contributors, CC BY-SA 4.0. Facts summarised; changes made.
  • Source: Wikipedia, “Environmental issues in Iraq” (revision 1351483808), by Wikipedia contributors, CC BY-SA 4.0. Facts summarised; changes made.
  • Source: Wikipedia, “Environmental issues in Kazakhstan” (revision 1364455303), by Wikipedia contributors, CC BY-SA 4.0. Facts summarised; changes made.
  • Source: Wikipedia, “Environmental issues in Liberia” (revision 1344091550), by Wikipedia contributors, CC BY-SA 4.0. Facts summarised; changes made.
  • Source: Wikipedia, “Environmental issues in Libya” (revision 1247954413), by Wikipedia contributors, CC BY-SA 4.0. Facts summarised; changes made.
  • Source: Wikipedia, “Environmental issues in Mongolia” (revision 1374196988), by Wikipedia contributors, CC BY-SA 4.0. Facts summarised; changes made.
  • Source: Wikipedia, “Environmental issues in Myanmar” (revision 1346892956), by Wikipedia contributors, CC BY-SA 4.0. Facts summarised; changes made.
  • Source: Wikipedia, “Environmental issues in North Macedonia” (revision 1334568431), by Wikipedia contributors, CC BY-SA 4.0. Facts summarised; changes made.
  • Source: Wikipedia, “Environmental issues in Serbia” (revision 1360584892), by Wikipedia contributors, CC BY-SA 4.0. Facts summarised; changes made.
  • Source: Wikipedia, “Environmental issues in Somalia” (revision 1369419600), by Wikipedia contributors, CC BY-SA 4.0. Facts summarised; changes made.
  • Source: Wikipedia, “Environmental issues in Sri Lanka” (revision 1313951863), by Wikipedia contributors, CC BY-SA 4.0. Facts summarised; changes made.
  • Source: Wikipedia, “Environmental issues in Tajikistan” (revision 1285571169), by Wikipedia contributors, CC BY-SA 4.0. Facts summarised; changes made.
  • Source: Wikipedia, “Environmental issues in Thailand” (revision 1361617953), by Wikipedia contributors, CC BY-SA 4.0. Facts summarised; changes made.
  • Source: Wikipedia, “Environmental issues in the United Arab Emirates” (revision 1372820702), by Wikipedia contributors, CC BY-SA 4.0. Facts summarised; changes made.
  • Source: Wikipedia, “Environmental issues in Turkmenistan” (revision 1337611173), by Wikipedia contributors, CC BY-SA 4.0. Facts summarised; changes made.
  • Source: Wikipedia, “Equatorial Guinea” (revision 1373102238), by Wikipedia contributors, CC BY-SA 4.0. Facts summarised; changes made.
  • Source: Wikipedia, “Eranove” (revision 1345386696), by Wikipedia contributors, CC BY-SA 4.0. Facts summarised; changes made.
  • Source: Wikipedia, “Eritrea” (revision 1372893983), by Wikipedia contributors, CC BY-SA 4.0. Facts summarised; changes made.
  • Source: Wikipedia, “Estonia” (revision 1373557822), by Wikipedia contributors, CC BY-SA 4.0. Facts summarised; changes made.
  • Source: Wikipedia, “Eswatini” (revision 1374094867), by Wikipedia contributors, CC BY-SA 4.0. Facts summarised; changes made.
  • Source: Wikipedia, “EYDAP” (revision 1366728453), by Wikipedia contributors, CC BY-SA 4.0. Facts summarised; changes made.
  • Source: Wikipedia, “Finland” (revision 1374116709), by Wikipedia contributors, CC BY-SA 4.0. Facts summarised; changes made.
  • Source: Wikipedia, “Gabon” (revision 1370506199), by Wikipedia contributors, CC BY-SA 4.0. Facts summarised; changes made.
  • Source: Wikipedia, “Geography of Angola” (revision 1345049367), by Wikipedia contributors, CC BY-SA 4.0. Facts summarised; changes made.
  • Source: Wikipedia, “Geography of Armenia” (revision 1349546328), by Wikipedia contributors, CC BY-SA 4.0. Facts summarised; changes made.
  • Source: Wikipedia, “Geography of Austria” (revision 1368348773), by Wikipedia contributors, CC BY-SA 4.0. Facts summarised; changes made.
  • Source: Wikipedia, “Geography of Bahrain” (revision 1359801157), by Wikipedia contributors, CC BY-SA 4.0. Facts summarised; changes made.
  • Source: Wikipedia, “Geography of Belarus” (revision 1357846577), by Wikipedia contributors, CC BY-SA 4.0. Facts summarised; changes made.
  • Source: Wikipedia, “Geography of Bulgaria” (revision 1367731293), by Wikipedia contributors, CC BY-SA 4.0. Facts summarised; changes made.
  • Source: Wikipedia, “Geography of Burundi” (revision 1363747717), by Wikipedia contributors, CC BY-SA 4.0. Facts summarised; changes made.
  • Source: Wikipedia, “Geography of Cameroon” (revision 1364961415), by Wikipedia contributors, CC BY-SA 4.0. Facts summarised; changes made.
  • Source: Wikipedia, “Geography of Chad” (revision 1363751090), by Wikipedia contributors, CC BY-SA 4.0. Facts summarised; changes made.
  • Source: Wikipedia, “Geography of Croatia” (revision 1369011300), by Wikipedia contributors, CC BY-SA 4.0. Facts summarised; changes made.
  • Source: Wikipedia, “Geography of Cyprus” (revision 1364028636), by Wikipedia contributors, CC BY-SA 4.0. Facts summarised; changes made.
  • Source: Wikipedia, “Geography of Eritrea” (revision 1339245204), by Wikipedia contributors, CC BY-SA 4.0. Facts summarised; changes made.
  • Source: Wikipedia, “Geography of Estonia” (revision 1369405044), by Wikipedia contributors, CC BY-SA 4.0. Facts summarised; changes made.
  • Source: Wikipedia, “Geography of Eswatini” (revision 1363755270), by Wikipedia contributors, CC BY-SA 4.0. Facts summarised; changes made.
  • Source: Wikipedia, “Geography of Finland” (revision 1324084113), by Wikipedia contributors, CC BY-SA 4.0. Facts summarised; changes made.
  • Source: Wikipedia, “Geography of Gabon” (revision 1343765707), by Wikipedia contributors, CC BY-SA 4.0. Facts summarised; changes made.
  • Source: Wikipedia, “Geography of Guinea” (revision 1343791260), by Wikipedia contributors, CC BY-SA 4.0. Facts summarised; changes made.
  • Source: Wikipedia, “Geography of Guinea-Bissau” (revision 1343792494), by Wikipedia contributors, CC BY-SA 4.0. Facts summarised; changes made.
  • Source: Wikipedia, “Geography of Hungary” (revision 1372602049), by Wikipedia contributors, CC BY-SA 4.0. Facts summarised; changes made.
  • Source: Wikipedia, “Geography of Kyrgyzstan” (revision 1334737373), by Wikipedia contributors, CC BY-SA 4.0. Facts summarised; changes made.
  • Source: Wikipedia, “Geography of Latvia” (revision 1371704841), by Wikipedia contributors, CC BY-SA 4.0. Facts summarised; changes made.
  • Source: Wikipedia, “Geography of Lithuania” (revision 1361549236), by Wikipedia contributors, CC BY-SA 4.0. Facts summarised; changes made.
  • Source: Wikipedia, “Geography of Mauritania” (revision 1340399127), by Wikipedia contributors, CC BY-SA 4.0. Facts summarised; changes made.
  • Source: Wikipedia, “Geography of Moldova” (revision 1372347484), by Wikipedia contributors, CC BY-SA 4.0. Facts summarised; changes made.
  • Source: Wikipedia, “Geography of Niger” (revision 1340126719), by Wikipedia contributors, CC BY-SA 4.0. Facts summarised; changes made.
  • Source: Wikipedia, “Geography of North Korea” (revision 1354375523), by Wikipedia contributors, CC BY-SA 4.0. Facts summarised; changes made.
  • Source: Wikipedia, “Geography of North Macedonia” (revision 1353135111), by Wikipedia contributors, CC BY-SA 4.0. Facts summarised; changes made.
  • Source: Wikipedia, “Geography of Norway” (revision 1362794522), by Wikipedia contributors, CC BY-SA 4.0. Facts summarised; changes made.
  • Source: Wikipedia, “Geography of Poland” (revision 1367756233), by Wikipedia contributors, CC BY-SA 4.0. Facts summarised; changes made.
  • Source: Wikipedia, “Geography of Romania” (revision 1319391242), by Wikipedia contributors, CC BY-SA 4.0. Facts summarised; changes made.
  • Source: Wikipedia, “Geography of Serbia” (revision 1374074617), by Wikipedia contributors, CC BY-SA 4.0. Facts summarised; changes made.
  • Source: Wikipedia, “Geography of Slovenia” (revision 1365537220), by Wikipedia contributors, CC BY-SA 4.0. Facts summarised; changes made.
  • Source: Wikipedia, “Geography of Somalia” (revision 1303492460), by Wikipedia contributors, CC BY-SA 4.0. Facts summarised; changes made.
  • Source: Wikipedia, “Geography of South Korea” (revision 1368387487), by Wikipedia contributors, CC BY-SA 4.0. Facts summarised; changes made.
  • Source: Wikipedia, “Geography of Sri Lanka” (revision 1372993843), by Wikipedia contributors, CC BY-SA 4.0. Facts summarised; changes made.
  • Source: Wikipedia, “Geography of Switzerland” (revision 1366024021), by Wikipedia contributors, CC BY-SA 4.0. Facts summarised; changes made.
  • Source: Wikipedia, “Geography of the Czech Republic” (revision 1344727180), by Wikipedia contributors, CC BY-SA 4.0. Facts summarised; changes made.
  • Source: Wikipedia, “Geography of the Gambia” (revision 1350766607), by Wikipedia contributors, CC BY-SA 4.0. Facts summarised; changes made.
  • Source: Wikipedia, “Geography of the United Arab Emirates” (revision 1358223885), by Wikipedia contributors, CC BY-SA 4.0. Facts summarised; changes made.
  • Source: Wikipedia, “Geography of Timor-Leste” (revision 1368620837), by Wikipedia contributors, CC BY-SA 4.0. Facts summarised; changes made.
  • Source: Wikipedia, “Geography of Uzbekistan” (revision 1373048854), by Wikipedia contributors, CC BY-SA 4.0. Facts summarised; changes made.
  • Source: Wikipedia, “Guinea” (revision 1374162246), by Wikipedia contributors, CC BY-SA 4.0. Facts summarised; changes made.
  • Source: Wikipedia, “Health in Liberia” (revision 1347359986), by Wikipedia contributors, CC BY-SA 4.0. Facts summarised; changes made.
  • Source: Wikipedia, “Health in Somalia” (revision 1340127994), by Wikipedia contributors, CC BY-SA 4.0. Facts summarised; changes made.
  • Source: Wikipedia, “Health in Thailand” (revision 1340128020), by Wikipedia contributors, CC BY-SA 4.0. Facts summarised; changes made.
  • Source: Wikipedia, “History of water supply and sanitation” (revision 1373116279), by Wikipedia contributors, CC BY-SA 4.0. Facts summarised; changes made.
  • Source: Wikipedia, “Iraq” (revision 1374025597), by Wikipedia contributors, CC BY-SA 4.0. Facts summarised; changes made.
  • Source: Wikipedia, “Jabulile Mashwama” (revision 1346826691), by Wikipedia contributors, CC BY-SA 4.0. Facts summarised; changes made.
  • Source: Wikipedia, “Jérôme Obi Eta” (revision 1366209948), by Wikipedia contributors, CC BY-SA 4.0. Facts summarised; changes made.
  • Source: Wikipedia, “K-water” (revision 1246174719), by Wikipedia contributors, CC BY-SA 4.0. Facts summarised; changes made.
  • Source: Wikipedia, “Kahramaa” (revision 1359565127), by Wikipedia contributors, CC BY-SA 4.0. Facts summarised; changes made.
  • Source: Wikipedia, “Karakum Canal” (revision 1360652335), by Wikipedia contributors, CC BY-SA 4.0. Facts summarised; changes made.
  • Source: Wikipedia, “Kazakhstan” (revision 1373915150), by Wikipedia contributors, CC BY-SA 4.0. Facts summarised; changes made.
  • Source: Wikipedia, “Kinshasa” (revision 1371951602), by Wikipedia contributors, CC BY-SA 4.0. Facts summarised; changes made.
  • Source: Wikipedia, “Kosovo” (revision 1372495801), by Wikipedia contributors, CC BY-SA 4.0. Facts summarised; changes made.
  • Source: Wikipedia, “Kuwait” (revision 1373907574), by Wikipedia contributors, CC BY-SA 4.0. Facts summarised; changes made.
  • Source: Wikipedia, “Lake Chad Basin Commission” (revision 1302642518), by Wikipedia contributors, CC BY-SA 4.0. Facts summarised; changes made.
  • Source: Wikipedia, “Liberia” (revision 1373206034), by Wikipedia contributors, CC BY-SA 4.0. Facts summarised; changes made.
  • Source: Wikipedia, “Liberia Water and Sewer Corporation” (revision 1343666695), by Wikipedia contributors, CC BY-SA 4.0. Facts summarised; changes made.
  • Source: Wikipedia, “Libreville” (revision 1366498401), by Wikipedia contributors, CC BY-SA 4.0. Facts summarised; changes made.
  • Source: Wikipedia, “List of dams and reservoirs in Trinidad and Tobago” (revision 1330172417), by Wikipedia contributors, CC BY-SA 4.0. Facts summarised; changes made.
  • Source: Wikipedia, “Luanda” (revision 1373676481), by Wikipedia contributors, CC BY-SA 4.0. Facts summarised; changes made.
  • Source: Wikipedia, “Lusaka” (revision 1373888961), by Wikipedia contributors, CC BY-SA 4.0. Facts summarised; changes made.
  • Source: Wikipedia, “Madagascar” (revision 1372270043), by Wikipedia contributors, CC BY-SA 4.0. Facts summarised; changes made.
  • Source: Wikipedia, “Maguga Dam” (revision 1362051505), by Wikipedia contributors, CC BY-SA 4.0. Facts summarised; changes made.
  • Source: Wikipedia, “Malawi” (revision 1372341730), by Wikipedia contributors, CC BY-SA 4.0. Facts summarised; changes made.
  • Source: Wikipedia, “Mauritius” (revision 1373320261), by Wikipedia contributors, CC BY-SA 4.0. Facts summarised; changes made.
  • Source: Wikipedia, “Mbabane” (revision 1373830634), by Wikipedia contributors, CC BY-SA 4.0. Facts summarised; changes made.
  • Source: Wikipedia, “Melamchi Water Supply Project” (revision 1370772744), by Wikipedia contributors, CC BY-SA 4.0. Facts summarised; changes made.
  • Source: Wikipedia, “Minister of Energy and Water (Angola)” (revision 1106969264), by Wikipedia contributors, CC BY-SA 4.0. Facts summarised; changes made.
  • Source: Wikipedia, “Ministry of Water Resources and Irrigation (Kazakhstan)” (revision 1368463040), by Wikipedia contributors, CC BY-SA 4.0. Facts summarised; changes made.
  • Source: Wikipedia, “Ministry of Water Supply” (revision 1368463058), by Wikipedia contributors, CC BY-SA 4.0. Facts summarised; changes made.
  • Source: Wikipedia, “Ministry of Water Supply (Sri Lanka)” (revision 1373813959), by Wikipedia contributors, CC BY-SA 4.0. Facts summarised; changes made.
  • Source: Wikipedia, “Mogadishu” (revision 1374149510), by Wikipedia contributors, CC BY-SA 4.0. Facts summarised; changes made.
  • Source: Wikipedia, “Mosvodokanal” (revision 1360776563), by Wikipedia contributors, CC BY-SA 4.0. Facts summarised; changes made.
  • Source: Wikipedia, “N'Djamena” (revision 1372802060), by Wikipedia contributors, CC BY-SA 4.0. Facts summarised; changes made.
  • Source: Wikipedia, “National Water Supply and Drainage Board” (revision 1368530308), by Wikipedia contributors, CC BY-SA 4.0. Facts summarised; changes made.
  • Source: Wikipedia, “Natural resources of Kosovo” (revision 1311482205), by Wikipedia contributors, CC BY-SA 4.0. Facts summarised; changes made.
  • Source: Wikipedia, “Nepal” (revision 1373094204), by Wikipedia contributors, CC BY-SA 4.0. Facts summarised; changes made.
  • Source: Wikipedia, “Niamey” (revision 1372364368), by Wikipedia contributors, CC BY-SA 4.0. Facts summarised; changes made.
  • Source: Wikipedia, “Nicosia” (revision 1374036472), by Wikipedia contributors, CC BY-SA 4.0. Facts summarised; changes made.
  • Source: Wikipedia, “Niger” (revision 1373657301), by Wikipedia contributors, CC BY-SA 4.0. Facts summarised; changes made.
  • Source: Wikipedia, “Norway” (revision 1374044032), by Wikipedia contributors, CC BY-SA 4.0. Facts summarised; changes made.
  • Source: Wikipedia, “Norwegian Water Resources and Energy Directorate” (revision 1359626158), by Wikipedia contributors, CC BY-SA 4.0. Facts summarised; changes made.
  • Source: Wikipedia, “Nubian Sandstone Aquifer System” (revision 1365514838), by Wikipedia contributors, CC BY-SA 4.0. Facts summarised; changes made.
  • Source: Wikipedia, “Oman” (revision 1373799531), by Wikipedia contributors, CC BY-SA 4.0. Facts summarised; changes made.
  • Source: Wikipedia, “Organisation pour la mise en valeur du fleuve Sénégal” (revision 1369052042), by Wikipedia contributors, CC BY-SA 4.0. Facts summarised; changes made.
  • Source: Wikipedia, “Päijänne Water Tunnel” (revision 1274973369), by Wikipedia contributors, CC BY-SA 4.0. Facts summarised; changes made.
  • Source: Wikipedia, “Papua New Guinea” (revision 1374186676), by Wikipedia contributors, CC BY-SA 4.0. Facts summarised; changes made.
  • Source: Wikipedia, “Phnom Penh Water Supply Authority” (revision 1335555610), by Wikipedia contributors, CC BY-SA 4.0. Facts summarised; changes made.
  • Source: Wikipedia, “Port Moresby” (revision 1373117669), by Wikipedia contributors, CC BY-SA 4.0. Facts summarised; changes made.
  • Source: Wikipedia, “Puerto Rico” (revision 1374005364), by Wikipedia contributors, CC BY-SA 4.0. Facts summarised; changes made.
  • Source: Wikipedia, “Regideso” (revision 1353081932), by Wikipedia contributors, CC BY-SA 4.0. Facts summarised; changes made.
  • Source: Wikipedia, “REGIDESO Burundi” (revision 1353347366), by Wikipedia contributors, CC BY-SA 4.0. Facts summarised; changes made.
  • Source: Wikipedia, “Ruvu River” (revision 1367908367), by Wikipedia contributors, CC BY-SA 4.0. Facts summarised; changes made.
  • Source: Wikipedia, “Seoul” (revision 1373872845), by Wikipedia contributors, CC BY-SA 4.0. Facts summarised; changes made.
  • Source: Wikipedia, “Serbia” (revision 1374037493), by Wikipedia contributors, CC BY-SA 4.0. Facts summarised; changes made.
  • Source: Wikipedia, “Serekunda” (revision 1372138352), by Wikipedia contributors, CC BY-SA 4.0. Facts summarised; changes made.
  • Source: Wikipedia, “Sirinumu Dam” (revision 1362100394), by Wikipedia contributors, CC BY-SA 4.0. Facts summarised; changes made.
  • Source: Wikipedia, “Slovakia” (revision 1374209908), by Wikipedia contributors, CC BY-SA 4.0. Facts summarised; changes made.
  • Source: Wikipedia, “Slovenia” (revision 1372572524), by Wikipedia contributors, CC BY-SA 4.0. Facts summarised; changes made.
  • Source: Wikipedia, “Somalia Water and Land Information Management Project” (revision 1367562642), by Wikipedia contributors, CC BY-SA 4.0. Facts summarised; changes made.
  • Source: Wikipedia, “South Korea” (revision 1373978251), by Wikipedia contributors, CC BY-SA 4.0. Facts summarised; changes made.
  • Source: Wikipedia, “Sri Lanka” (revision 1371246819), by Wikipedia contributors, CC BY-SA 4.0. Facts summarised; changes made.
  • Source: Wikipedia, “Switzerland” (revision 1371548611), by Wikipedia contributors, CC BY-SA 4.0. Facts summarised; changes made.
  • Source: Wikipedia, “Tallinn water supply system” (revision 1309506090), by Wikipedia contributors, CC BY-SA 4.0. Facts summarised; changes made.
  • Source: Wikipedia, “The Gambia” (revision 1374192098), by Wikipedia contributors, CC BY-SA 4.0. Facts summarised; changes made.
  • Source: Wikipedia, “Timor-Leste” (revision 1374177882), by Wikipedia contributors, CC BY-SA 4.0. Facts summarised; changes made.
  • Source: Wikipedia, “Toker Dam” (revision 1233092480), by Wikipedia contributors, CC BY-SA 4.0. Facts summarised; changes made.
  • Source: Wikipedia, “Turkey–Northern Cyprus water pipeline” (revision 1332960738), by Wikipedia contributors, CC BY-SA 4.0. Facts summarised; changes made.
  • Source: Wikipedia, “Turkmenistan” (revision 1373532573), by Wikipedia contributors, CC BY-SA 4.0. Facts summarised; changes made.
  • Source: Wikipedia, “Ukraine” (revision 1372691975), by Wikipedia contributors, CC BY-SA 4.0. Facts summarised; changes made.
  • Source: Wikipedia, “Utilities in Chad” (revision 1354537933), by Wikipedia contributors, CC BY-SA 4.0. Facts summarised; changes made.
  • Source: Wikipedia, “Uzbekistan” (revision 1373951842), by Wikipedia contributors, CC BY-SA 4.0. Facts summarised; changes made.
  • Source: Wikipedia, “Water and Sewerage Authority” (revision 1326716502), by Wikipedia contributors, CC BY-SA 4.0. Facts summarised; changes made.
  • Source: Wikipedia, “Water crisis in the Democratic Republic of the Congo” (revision 1363306714), by Wikipedia contributors, CC BY-SA 4.0. Facts summarised; changes made.
  • Source: Wikipedia, “Water in Pristina” (revision 1328198775), by Wikipedia contributors, CC BY-SA 4.0. Facts summarised; changes made.
  • Source: Wikipedia, “Water management in Greater Damascus” (revision 1372816449), by Wikipedia contributors, CC BY-SA 4.0. Facts summarised; changes made.
  • Source: Wikipedia, “Water privatization in Albania” (revision 1040830811), by Wikipedia contributors, CC BY-SA 4.0. Facts summarised; changes made.
  • Source: Wikipedia, “Water privatization in Armenia” (revision 1369940514), by Wikipedia contributors, CC BY-SA 4.0. Facts summarised; changes made.
  • Source: Wikipedia, “Water privatization in Guinea” (revision 1370757315), by Wikipedia contributors, CC BY-SA 4.0. Facts summarised; changes made.
  • Source: Wikipedia, “Water resources of China” (revision 1314792082), by Wikipedia contributors, CC BY-SA 4.0. Facts summarised; changes made.
  • Source: Wikipedia, “Water supply and sanitation in Algeria” (revision 1358657958), by Wikipedia contributors, CC BY-SA 4.0. Facts summarised; changes made.
  • Source: Wikipedia, “Water supply and sanitation in Angola” (revision 1233281815), by Wikipedia contributors, CC BY-SA 4.0. Facts summarised; changes made.
  • Source: Wikipedia, “Water supply and sanitation in Argentina” (revision 1340143230), by Wikipedia contributors, CC BY-SA 4.0. Facts summarised; changes made.
  • Source: Wikipedia, “Water supply and sanitation in Australia” (revision 1346230741), by Wikipedia contributors, CC BY-SA 4.0. Facts summarised; changes made.
  • Source: Wikipedia, “Water supply and sanitation in Azerbaijan” (revision 1312417200), by Wikipedia contributors, CC BY-SA 4.0. Facts summarised; changes made.
  • Source: Wikipedia, “Water supply and sanitation in Bangladesh” (revision 1368624668), by Wikipedia contributors, CC BY-SA 4.0. Facts summarised; changes made.
  • Source: Wikipedia, “Water supply and sanitation in Belgium” (revision 1317456257), by Wikipedia contributors, CC BY-SA 4.0. Facts summarised; changes made.
  • Source: Wikipedia, “Water supply and sanitation in Benin” (revision 1363033666), by Wikipedia contributors, CC BY-SA 4.0. Facts summarised; changes made.
  • Source: Wikipedia, “Water supply and sanitation in Bolivia” (revision 1328274830), by Wikipedia contributors, CC BY-SA 4.0. Facts summarised; changes made.
  • Source: Wikipedia, “Water supply and sanitation in Brazil” (revision 1367048314), by Wikipedia contributors, CC BY-SA 4.0. Facts summarised; changes made.
  • Source: Wikipedia, “Water supply and sanitation in Burkina Faso” (revision 1358059398), by Wikipedia contributors, CC BY-SA 4.0. Facts summarised; changes made.
  • Source: Wikipedia, “Water supply and sanitation in Canada” (revision 1369917099), by Wikipedia contributors, CC BY-SA 4.0. Facts summarised; changes made.
  • Source: Wikipedia, “Water supply and sanitation in Chile” (revision 1357293750), by Wikipedia contributors, CC BY-SA 4.0. Facts summarised; changes made.
  • Source: Wikipedia, “Water supply and sanitation in China” (revision 1359582122), by Wikipedia contributors, CC BY-SA 4.0. Facts summarised; changes made.
  • Source: Wikipedia, “Water supply and sanitation in Colombia” (revision 1358658420), by Wikipedia contributors, CC BY-SA 4.0. Facts summarised; changes made.
  • Source: Wikipedia, “Water supply and sanitation in Costa Rica” (revision 1368553766), by Wikipedia contributors, CC BY-SA 4.0. Facts summarised; changes made.
  • Source: Wikipedia, “Water supply and sanitation in Cuba” (revision 1317453313), by Wikipedia contributors, CC BY-SA 4.0. Facts summarised; changes made.
  • Source: Wikipedia, “Water supply and sanitation in Denmark” (revision 1373533132), by Wikipedia contributors, CC BY-SA 4.0. Facts summarised; changes made.
  • Source: Wikipedia, “Water supply and sanitation in Ecuador” (revision 1338097611), by Wikipedia contributors, CC BY-SA 4.0. Facts summarised; changes made.
  • Source: Wikipedia, “Water supply and sanitation in Egypt” (revision 1330879266), by Wikipedia contributors, CC BY-SA 4.0. Facts summarised; changes made.
  • Source: Wikipedia, “Water supply and sanitation in El Salvador” (revision 1336732358), by Wikipedia contributors, CC BY-SA 4.0. Facts summarised; changes made.
  • Source: Wikipedia, “Water supply and sanitation in England and Wales” (revision 1321381844), by Wikipedia contributors, CC BY-SA 4.0. Facts summarised; changes made.
  • Source: Wikipedia, “Water supply and sanitation in Ethiopia” (revision 1351538145), by Wikipedia contributors, CC BY-SA 4.0. Facts summarised; changes made.
  • Source: Wikipedia, “Water supply and sanitation in France” (revision 1337172625), by Wikipedia contributors, CC BY-SA 4.0. Facts summarised; changes made.
  • Source: Wikipedia, “Water supply and sanitation in Georgia” (revision 1355993142), by Wikipedia contributors, CC BY-SA 4.0. Facts summarised; changes made.
  • Source: Wikipedia, “Water supply and sanitation in Germany” (revision 1364818605), by Wikipedia contributors, CC BY-SA 4.0. Facts summarised; changes made.
  • Source: Wikipedia, “Water supply and sanitation in Ghana” (revision 1370571444), by Wikipedia contributors, CC BY-SA 4.0. Facts summarised; changes made.
  • Source: Wikipedia, “Water supply and sanitation in Greece” (revision 1317427940), by Wikipedia contributors, CC BY-SA 4.0. Facts summarised; changes made.
  • Source: Wikipedia, “Water supply and sanitation in Guatemala” (revision 1340143245), by Wikipedia contributors, CC BY-SA 4.0. Facts summarised; changes made.
  • Source: Wikipedia, “Water supply and sanitation in Haiti” (revision 1366631914), by Wikipedia contributors, CC BY-SA 4.0. Facts summarised; changes made.
  • Source: Wikipedia, “Water supply and sanitation in Honduras” (revision 1317431689), by Wikipedia contributors, CC BY-SA 4.0. Facts summarised; changes made.
  • Source: Wikipedia, “Water supply and sanitation in Hong Kong” (revision 1349938749), by Wikipedia contributors, CC BY-SA 4.0. Facts summarised; changes made.
  • Source: Wikipedia, “Water supply and sanitation in India” (revision 1367655397), by Wikipedia contributors, CC BY-SA 4.0. Facts summarised; changes made.
  • Source: Wikipedia, “Water supply and sanitation in Indonesia” (revision 1358658825), by Wikipedia contributors, CC BY-SA 4.0. Facts summarised; changes made.
  • Source: Wikipedia, “Water supply and sanitation in Iran” (revision 1329508282), by Wikipedia contributors, CC BY-SA 4.0. Facts summarised; changes made.
  • Source: Wikipedia, “Water supply and sanitation in Israel” (revision 1370537563), by Wikipedia contributors, CC BY-SA 4.0. Facts summarised; changes made.
  • Source: Wikipedia, “Water supply and sanitation in Italy” (revision 1317457048), by Wikipedia contributors, CC BY-SA 4.0. Facts summarised; changes made.
  • Source: Wikipedia, “Water supply and sanitation in Ivory Coast” (revision 1358539445), by Wikipedia contributors, CC BY-SA 4.0. Facts summarised; changes made.
  • Source: Wikipedia, “Water supply and sanitation in Jamaica” (revision 1358658963), by Wikipedia contributors, CC BY-SA 4.0. Facts summarised; changes made.
  • Source: Wikipedia, “Water supply and sanitation in Japan” (revision 1372356796), by Wikipedia contributors, CC BY-SA 4.0. Facts summarised; changes made.
  • Source: Wikipedia, “Water supply and sanitation in Jordan” (revision 1369023982), by Wikipedia contributors, CC BY-SA 4.0. Facts summarised; changes made.
  • Source: Wikipedia, “Water supply and sanitation in Kenya” (revision 1374121339), by Wikipedia contributors, CC BY-SA 4.0. Facts summarised; changes made.
  • Source: Wikipedia, “Water supply and sanitation in Laos” (revision 1299013830), by Wikipedia contributors, CC BY-SA 4.0. Facts summarised; changes made.
  • Source: Wikipedia, “Water supply and sanitation in Lebanon” (revision 1318349194), by Wikipedia contributors, CC BY-SA 4.0. Facts summarised; changes made.
  • Source: Wikipedia, “Water supply and sanitation in Lesotho” (revision 1361900889), by Wikipedia contributors, CC BY-SA 4.0. Facts summarised; changes made.
  • Source: Wikipedia, “Water supply and sanitation in London” (revision 1102895645), by Wikipedia contributors, CC BY-SA 4.0. Facts summarised; changes made.
  • Source: Wikipedia, “Water supply and sanitation in Malaysia” (revision 1360146601), by Wikipedia contributors, CC BY-SA 4.0. Facts summarised; changes made.
  • Source: Wikipedia, “Water supply and sanitation in Mali” (revision 1368623886), by Wikipedia contributors, CC BY-SA 4.0. Facts summarised; changes made.
  • Source: Wikipedia, “Water supply and sanitation in Mexico” (revision 1332485167), by Wikipedia contributors, CC BY-SA 4.0. Facts summarised; changes made.
  • Source: Wikipedia, “Water supply and sanitation in Mongolia” (revision 1338277567), by Wikipedia contributors, CC BY-SA 4.0. Facts summarised; changes made.
  • Source: Wikipedia, “Water supply and sanitation in Morocco” (revision 1368942854), by Wikipedia contributors, CC BY-SA 4.0. Facts summarised; changes made.
  • Source: Wikipedia, “Water supply and sanitation in Mozambique” (revision 1358659632), by Wikipedia contributors, CC BY-SA 4.0. Facts summarised; changes made.
  • Source: Wikipedia, “Water supply and sanitation in Namibia” (revision 1361329465), by Wikipedia contributors, CC BY-SA 4.0. Facts summarised; changes made.
  • Source: Wikipedia, “Water supply and sanitation in New Zealand” (revision 1362455379), by Wikipedia contributors, CC BY-SA 4.0. Facts summarised; changes made.
  • Source: Wikipedia, “Water supply and sanitation in Nicaragua” (revision 1365846569), by Wikipedia contributors, CC BY-SA 4.0. Facts summarised; changes made.
  • Source: Wikipedia, “Water supply and sanitation in Nigeria” (revision 1369357665), by Wikipedia contributors, CC BY-SA 4.0. Facts summarised; changes made.
  • Source: Wikipedia, “Water supply and sanitation in Pakistan” (revision 1370452026), by Wikipedia contributors, CC BY-SA 4.0. Facts summarised; changes made.
  • Source: Wikipedia, “Water supply and sanitation in Palestine” (revision 1372051030), by Wikipedia contributors, CC BY-SA 4.0. Facts summarised; changes made.
  • Source: Wikipedia, “Water supply and sanitation in Panama” (revision 1304707294), by Wikipedia contributors, CC BY-SA 4.0. Facts summarised; changes made.
  • Source: Wikipedia, “Water supply and sanitation in Paraguay” (revision 1336732402), by Wikipedia contributors, CC BY-SA 4.0. Facts summarised; changes made.
  • Source: Wikipedia, “Water supply and sanitation in Peru” (revision 1370318668), by Wikipedia contributors, CC BY-SA 4.0. Facts summarised; changes made.
  • Source: Wikipedia, “Water supply and sanitation in Portugal” (revision 1374079144), by Wikipedia contributors, CC BY-SA 4.0. Facts summarised; changes made.
  • Source: Wikipedia, “Water supply and sanitation in Russia” (revision 1354100171), by Wikipedia contributors, CC BY-SA 4.0. Facts summarised; changes made.
  • Source: Wikipedia, “Water supply and sanitation in Rwanda” (revision 1372508418), by Wikipedia contributors, CC BY-SA 4.0. Facts summarised; changes made.
  • Source: Wikipedia, “Water supply and sanitation in Saudi Arabia” (revision 1345125627), by Wikipedia contributors, CC BY-SA 4.0. Facts summarised; changes made.
  • Source: Wikipedia, “Water supply and sanitation in Senegal” (revision 1336732431), by Wikipedia contributors, CC BY-SA 4.0. Facts summarised; changes made.
  • Source: Wikipedia, “Water supply and sanitation in Singapore” (revision 1361729894), by Wikipedia contributors, CC BY-SA 4.0. Facts summarised; changes made.
  • Source: Wikipedia, “Water supply and sanitation in South Africa” (revision 1374179273), by Wikipedia contributors, CC BY-SA 4.0. Facts summarised; changes made.
  • Source: Wikipedia, “Water supply and sanitation in Spain” (revision 1371398503), by Wikipedia contributors, CC BY-SA 4.0. Facts summarised; changes made.
  • Source: Wikipedia, “Water supply and sanitation in sub-Saharan Africa” (revision 1369796284), by Wikipedia contributors, CC BY-SA 4.0. Facts summarised; changes made.
  • Source: Wikipedia, “Water supply and sanitation in Syria” (revision 1356740818), by Wikipedia contributors, CC BY-SA 4.0. Facts summarised; changes made.
  • Source: Wikipedia, “Water supply and sanitation in Taiwan” (revision 1343020702), by Wikipedia contributors, CC BY-SA 4.0. Facts summarised; changes made.
  • Source: Wikipedia, “Water supply and sanitation in Tanzania” (revision 1368962421), by Wikipedia contributors, CC BY-SA 4.0. Facts summarised; changes made.
  • Source: Wikipedia, “Water supply and sanitation in the Dominican Republic” (revision 1336732348), by Wikipedia contributors, CC BY-SA 4.0. Facts summarised; changes made.
  • Source: Wikipedia, “Water supply and sanitation in the Netherlands” (revision 1317435652), by Wikipedia contributors, CC BY-SA 4.0. Facts summarised; changes made.
  • Source: Wikipedia, “Water supply and sanitation in the Philippines” (revision 1360212109), by Wikipedia contributors, CC BY-SA 4.0. Facts summarised; changes made.
  • Source: Wikipedia, “Water supply and sanitation in the Republic of Ireland” (revision 1331878048), by Wikipedia contributors, CC BY-SA 4.0. Facts summarised; changes made.
  • Source: Wikipedia, “Water supply and sanitation in the United Kingdom” (revision 1371922149), by Wikipedia contributors, CC BY-SA 4.0. Facts summarised; changes made.
  • Source: Wikipedia, “Water supply and sanitation in the United States” (revision 1373422749), by Wikipedia contributors, CC BY-SA 4.0. Facts summarised; changes made.
  • Source: Wikipedia, “Water supply and sanitation in Tunisia” (revision 1358660212), by Wikipedia contributors, CC BY-SA 4.0. Facts summarised; changes made.
  • Source: Wikipedia, “Water supply and sanitation in Turkey” (revision 1372367269), by Wikipedia contributors, CC BY-SA 4.0. Facts summarised; changes made.
  • Source: Wikipedia, “Water supply and sanitation in Uganda” (revision 1373806299), by Wikipedia contributors, CC BY-SA 4.0. Facts summarised; changes made.
  • Source: Wikipedia, “Water supply and sanitation in Uruguay” (revision 1317433460), by Wikipedia contributors, CC BY-SA 4.0. Facts summarised; changes made.
  • Source: Wikipedia, “Water supply and sanitation in Venezuela” (revision 1346922001), by Wikipedia contributors, CC BY-SA 4.0. Facts summarised; changes made.
  • Source: Wikipedia, “Water supply and sanitation in Vietnam” (revision 1363155962), by Wikipedia contributors, CC BY-SA 4.0. Facts summarised; changes made.
  • Source: Wikipedia, “Water supply and sanitation in Yemen” (revision 1374034631), by Wikipedia contributors, CC BY-SA 4.0. Facts summarised; changes made.
  • Source: Wikipedia, “Water supply and sanitation in Zambia” (revision 1304726017), by Wikipedia contributors, CC BY-SA 4.0. Facts summarised; changes made.
  • Source: Wikipedia, “Water supply and sanitation in Zimbabwe” (revision 1348905662), by Wikipedia contributors, CC BY-SA 4.0. Facts summarised; changes made.
  • Source: Wikipedia, “Water supply in Afghanistan” (revision 1362518604), by Wikipedia contributors, CC BY-SA 4.0. Facts summarised; changes made.
  • Source: Wikipedia, “Water supply in Cambodia” (revision 1304733066), by Wikipedia contributors, CC BY-SA 4.0. Facts summarised; changes made.
  • Source: Wikipedia, “Water supply in Sierra Leone” (revision 1336732443), by Wikipedia contributors, CC BY-SA 4.0. Facts summarised; changes made.
  • Source: Wikipedia, “Water supply in South Sudan” (revision 1340381472), by Wikipedia contributors, CC BY-SA 4.0. Facts summarised; changes made.
  • Source: Wikipedia, “Water supply in Sudan” (revision 1183158109), by Wikipedia contributors, CC BY-SA 4.0. Facts summarised; changes made.
  • Source: Wikipedia, “Water supply in Vienna” (revision 1345290355), by Wikipedia contributors, CC BY-SA 4.0. Facts summarised; changes made.
Map, rivers and lakes
Made with Natural Earth. Country outlines, rivers and lakes: Natural Earth 1:50m, public domain. Projection: Equal Earth (Šavrič, Patterson and Jenny, 2018).
The facts behind the map
Each figure is linked to its source beside it: the USGS Water Science School (U.S. public domain); FAO AQUASTAT and the FAO SDG 6.4.2 portal (FAO terms, non-commercial with acknowledgement); the WHO/UNICEF JMP 2025 report (CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO); the UN SDG Report 2025 and SDG 6.5.2 metadata (UN terms — cited, not reproduced); UNESCO World Water Development Reports 2022, 2023 and 2025 (cited, not reproduced); WMO (short-excerpt terms); Jones et al. 2019, Science of the Total Environment (cited, not reproduced); Richey et al. 2015, Water Resources Research (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0).
This page’s own layers
Bottled-water sources: a shortlist curated by ė.co, not a survey; each entry carries the tier it was checked to. Groundwater features: harvested from Wikidata by ė.co, one mark per item.

The files this page loads, and their licences

FileHoldsLicence of the file
assets/js/ww-countries.jscountry outlinesPublic domain (Natural Earth)
assets/js/ww-data.jsthe map’s figuresCC BY-NC-SA 4.0 (JMP, AQUASTAT, World Bank)
assets/js/ww-dossier.jsthe dossiers’ figures, basin lists, damsCC BY-NC-SA 4.0 (includes CC BY, CC0 and TFDD inputs)
assets/js/ww-facts.jsthe world factsCC BY-NC-SA 4.0; each fact keeps its own source’s terms
assets/js/ww-infra.jsreservoir, desalination and transfer pointsCC BY 4.0 (GDW CC BY 4.0, Wikidata CC0)
assets/js/ww-aquifers.jsaquifer listsCC BY-SA 4.0 (IGRAC CC BY-SA 3.0 IGO, Jasechko CC BY 4.0)
assets/js/ww-tba.jsaquifer outlinesCC BY-SA 4.0 (IGRAC)
assets/js/ww-wiki.jssummarised Wikipedia claimsCC BY-SA 4.0
(basin outlines)GRDC basin outlines, drawn on the mapGRDC terms: full citation and the HydroSHEDS acknowledgement above; a page asset, not offered for download
assets/js/waters-data.js, ground-data.js, sources-data.jsrivers and lakes; groundwater features; the curated sourcespublic domain; CC0; ė.co curation

Every file opens with a licence header naming its sources. Corrections: labs@labs.llc.

Below this line · a design fiction

Liquid.
Best.

Liquid Best is a design fiction. There is no company, no spring and nothing for sale — what is real is the artwork: can editions and glass bottles, each with its accent, its flavour line and its story, carried over whole and kept here as a codex. From here to the foot of the page every figure describes the design, not a drink, and nothing below borrows the authority of the data above.

Open the viewer The glass editions

19can editions

10glass bottles

29renders in the codex

0of it is for sale

The fiction · the viewer

One edition at a time.

Stock
Ink on white stock — the shipped default
Liquid Best edition artwork

—

—

—

—

The fiction · the cans

Every can in the codex.

Tap one to read it in the viewer.

The fiction · glass

Bottles, blown to order.

A shortlist, not a basket — it keeps itself in this browser and nothing is for sale. Shortlist: 0 editions

The fiction · the full shelf

Every render, on one plate.

Every edition in the run — the cans, then the glass bottles. Each one opens its own full-size render. Several of the bottles are a can edition re-issued in glass; where the pairing is certain the cell names the can it comes from. The count below is worked out from the editions themselves, not typed here.

The renders are 8.5 MB and travel as their own archive (liquid-images.zip), the same arrangement the estate uses for jewellery photography and Laband’s music. Without it each cell draws its edition’s accent and says the render is not installed, rather than showing a broken frame.

The fiction · the brand’s springs

Three springs, invented for a label.

01

Glacial springs

Meltwater filtered through centuries of rock, drawn where it surfaces — cold, low-mineral, and untouched between the spring and the can.

02

Volcanic aquifers

Rain that fell generations ago, pressed through basalt into deep, protected chambers — naturally mineralised, naturally still.

03

Nothing added

Still or sparkling is the only choice made after the source. No additives, no flavourings, no exceptions — the editions differ on the outside only.

Real springs, aquifers and rivers are on the water map at the top of this page.

The fiction · the spec sheet — designed, not measured

What the label would say.

Read this first. Every figure below was written by a designer, not returned by a laboratory. No water was drawn, bottled or tested; there is no batch, no assay and no certificate. These are the numbers the fictional brand would print on its can, set the way a real spec sheet is set because that is the design problem — and labelled here so nobody mistakes the typography for evidence.

Total dissolved solids
48 ppm
pH
8.2
Serve
Still or sparkling
Volume
473 ml / 16 fl oz
Can editions
—
Glass editions
—

What is deliberately not here. The original page carried an ISO 17025 accreditation, a PFAS figure in parts per trillion, a twelve-stage purity protocol, non-detect results across four hundred parameters, carbon-negative logistics and conservation partnerships. Every one of those named an authority, a measurement or an obligation that does not exist, and none of them survived the rebuild. A spec sheet for an imaginary drink can be beautiful; it cannot borrow a laboratory’s voice. The only figures on this page that are measurements rather than design are in the water map at the top, and they describe countries, rivers and aquifers, not this.

About this page

A measured atlas and a fiction, kept apart.

The top of this page is a world water map built from WHO/UNICEF, FAO, World Bank, IGRAC, GRDC and Global Dam Watch data, adapted by ė.co and endorsed by none of them. The rest is Liquid Best: the liquid.best visionary editions, brought home to ė.co and rebuilt on the house system in both editions — the cans, the glass bottles, the viewer, the contact sheet and a shortlist that keeps itself in your browser. What did not come with them: the checkout, the shipping terms and the laboratory claims. None of those had anything behind them, and a fiction is better company when it says so.